Jungsoo Park: This study investigates gender disparities, and the adverse effects associated with caregiving, particularly in terms of employment, work hours, and overall well-being. Using a contextualized primary time-use survey (TUS) data set from India, the research analyzes a sample of 1,076 individuals, including 538 married couples. The survey captures detailed information on time allocation and various contextual factors. To address potential reverse causality, the study uses a two-stage least squares instrumental variable (2SLS-IV) approach. Additionally, it investigates well-being outcomes for men and women separately, highlighting the gender-specific impacts of caregiving.
The authors find that caregiving has greater adverse effects on women compared with men. These effects are shown as reduced labor force participation, fewer employment hours, and lower levels of well-being for women. Women experience diminished time for self-care and socializing, as well as self-reported life satisfaction, happiness, and physical health. These disparities not only deter progress toward gender...