GLOBAL FINTECH  
GLOBAL FINTECH  
Financial Innovation in the  
Connected World  
edited by David L. Shrier and Alex Pentland  
MIT Connection Science & Engineering  
connection.mit.edu  
The MIT Press  
Cambridge, Massachusetts  
London, England  
© 2022 Massachusetts Institute of Technology  
This work is subject to a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license.  
Subject to such license, all rights are reserved.  
The MIT Press would like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers who  
provided comments on drafts of this book. The generous work of aca-  
demic experts is essential for establishing the authority and quality of  
our publications. We acknowledge with gratitude the contributions of  
these otherwise uncredited readers.  
This book was set in Stone Serif by Westchester Publishing Services,  
Danbury, CT.  
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  
Names: Shrier, David L., editor. | Pentland, Alex, 1952– editor.  
Title: Global fintech : financial innovation in the connected world /  
edited by David L. Shrier and Alex Pentland.  
Description: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2022] |  
Includes bibliographical references and index.  
Identifiers: LCCN 2021030642 | ISBN 9780262543668 (paperback)  
Subjects: LCSH: Financial services industry—Technological  
innovations. | Finance—Data processing.  
Classification: LCC HG173 .G636 2022 | DDC 332.1—dc23  
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021030642