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Eric S. Hintz
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Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.001.0001
EISBN: 9780262365703
How America's individual inventors persisted alongside corporate R&D labs as an important source of inventions. During the nineteenth century, heroic individual inventors such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell created entirely new industries while achieving widespread fame. However, by 1927, a New York Times editorial suggested that teams of corporate scientists at General Electric, AT&T, and DuPont had replaced the solitary “garret inventor” as the wellspring of invention. But these inventors never disappeared. In this book, Eric Hintz argues that lesser-known inventors such as Chester Carlson (Xerox photocopier), Samuel Ruben (Duracell batteries), and Earl Tupper (Tupperware) continued to develop important technologies throughout the twentieth century. Moreover, Hintz explains how independent inventors gradually fell from public view as corporate brands increasingly became associated with high-tech innovation. Focusing on the years from 1890 to 1950, Hintz documents how American independent inventors competed (and sometimes partnered) with their corporate rivals, adopted a variety of flexible commercialization strategies, established a series of short-lived professional groups, lobbied for fairer patent laws, and mobilized for two world wars. After 1950, the experiences of independent inventors generally mirrored the patterns of their predecessors, and they continued to be overshadowed during corporate R&D's postwar golden age. The independents enjoyed a resurgence, however, at the turn of the twenty-first century, as Apple's Steve Jobs and Shark Tank ' s Lori Greiner heralded a new generation of heroic inventor-entrepreneurs. By recovering the stories of a group once considered extinct, Hintz shows that independent inventors have long been—and remain—an important source of new technologies.
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0001
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0002
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0003
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0004
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0005
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0006
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0007
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0008
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0009
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0010
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0011
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0012
EISBN: 9780262365703
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation series
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 17 August 2021
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0013
EISBN: 9780262365703
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 09 April 2019
EISBN: 9780262352598
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 09 April 2019
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11344.003.0012
EISBN: 9780262352598
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 09 April 2019
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11344.003.0013
EISBN: 9780262352598
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 09 April 2019
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11344.003.0014
EISBN: 9780262352598
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 09 April 2019
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11344.003.0015
EISBN: 9780262352598
Publisher: The MIT Press
Published: 09 April 2019
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11344.003.0016
EISBN: 9780262352598