Pflacco: Feature-Based Landscape Analysis of Continuous and Constrained Optimization Problems in Python

The herein proposed Python package $pflacco$ provides a set of numerical features to characterize single-objective continuous and constrained optimization problems. Thereby, $pflacco$ addresses two major challenges in the area optimization. Firstly, it provides the means to develop an understanding of a given problem instance, which is crucial for designing, selecting, or configuring optimization algorithms in general. Secondly, these numerical features can be utilized in the research streams of automated algorithm selection and configuration. While the majority of these landscape features is already available in the R package $flacco$⁠, our Python implementation offers these tools to an even wider audience and thereby promotes research interests and novel avenues in the area of optimization.