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Yoh Iwasa
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Publisher: Journals Gateway
Evolutionary Computation (1999) 7 (3): 275–310.
Published: 01 September 1999
Abstract
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The effectiveness of crossover in accelerating evolution in genetic algorithms (GAs) is studied with a haploid finite population of bit sequences. A Babel-like fitness landscape is assumed. There is a single bit sequence (schema) that is significantly more advantageous than all the others. We study the time until domination of the advantageous schema ( T d ). Evolution proceeds with appearance, spread, and domination of the advantageous schema. The most important process determining T d is the appearance (creation) of the advantageous schema. Crossover helps this creation process and enhances the rate of evolution. To study this effect, we first establish an analytical method to estimate T d with or without crossover. Then, we conduct a numerical analysis using the frequency vector representation of the population with the recurrence relations formulated after GA operations. Finally, we carry out direct computer simulations with simple GAs operating on a population of binary strings directly prepared in the computer memory to examine the performance of the two analytical methods. It is shown that T d is reduced greatly by crossover with a mildly high rate when the mutation rate is adjusted to a moderate value and that an advantageous schema has a fairly large order (the number of bits). From these observations, we can determine implementation criteria for GAs, which are useful when we applying GAs to engineering problems having a conspicuously discontinuous fitness landscape.