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Philippe Le Billon
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Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Global Environmental Politics (2022) 22 (4): 95–128.
Published: 10 November 2022
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Fossil fuel producers have a major role to play in curbing greenhouse gas emissions through supply-side initiatives. Yet, no study has systematically assessed the determinants of efforts to constrain fossil fuel production for climate purposes. To contribute to climate change mitigation efforts, this article develops a conceptual framework for factors potentially affecting country-level initiatives to keep fossil fuels in the ground. Using data for 124 countries with fossil fuel reserves for 2006–2019 and multivariate Poisson regression analysis, we identify factors influencing the use of such constraints by national governments. Results show that although dependence on fossil fuel rents reduces the likelihood of constraint measures, the size of fossil fuel reserves or production does not impact it. Richer countries are also more likely to use constraints. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries membership constitutes a barrier to having moratoria on fossil fuel extraction. These results can help identify potential members for new fossil fuel supply-side initiatives and coalitions.
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Global Environmental Politics (2021) 21 (3): 124–146.
Published: 01 August 2021
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Transparency is now a core principle in environmental and resource governance. Responding to calls for a clearer identification of pathways from transparency to effective change, this article identifies three “Theories of Change” for governance-by-disclosure and applies them to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Among the best known global transparency initiatives, the EITI has used an inclusive multistakeholder governance model and elaborate compliance standards, disclosing trillions of dollars in natural resource revenues. Yet, after two decades, the EITI is still largely without an explicit and proven theory. This study finds that a Theory of Change for the EITI is possible, valuable, and even necessary as the EITI risks becoming obsolete in some participating countries. The proposed Theories of Change provide valuable templates for environmental and resource governance, yet such models need to reflect national contexts, needs, challenges, and objectives to ensure fit and effective implementation, including measures enforcing accountability.
Includes: Supplementary data