In 1982, Ungerleider and Mishkin proposed that there are two cortical visual information processing streams, the dorsal visual stream specialized for the processing of spatial information, and the ventral visual stream specialized for the processing of object features (Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982). It remains widely accepted that the ventral stream is critical for behaviors that depend on image analysis, for example, recognizing objects. The ventral visual stream is a hierarchically organized sequence of architectonically and physiologically identified brain regions starting in V1 and presumably ending in area TE of inferior temporal (IT) cortex (Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982; Hubel, 1979; Gross, Rocha-Miranda, & Bender, 1972; Hubel & Wiesel, 1962). After removal of primary visual cortex, primates are blind. After removal of TE, a comparably large brain region, the monkeys have disturbances in discriminating or recognizing objects based on vision; if not tested carefully, they can appear...

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