In recent decades, collaborations between artists and clinicians or biomedical researchers have become increasingly common and now constitute a distinctive category of art-science collaboration. This article reflects on the intellectual and material conditions of such collaborations, exploring two genealogies for these practices—”sciart” and arts and health—with a focus on two key areas: (1) the need for stakeholders to recognize fine art practice as research and knowledge-production (rather than merely as illustrative, educational, or therapeutic); ( 2 ) the challenges and opportunities presented by patient-participant involvement. Finally, it explores critical medical humanities as an emergent framework currently shaping these kinds of collaborations.