Written in 1809 in response to Napoleon's war propaganda and published posthumously, Heinrich von Kleist's satirical “Primer of French Journalism” (Lehrbuch der französischen Journalistik) appropriates the form of the instruction manual to expose the process by which fake news is manufactured and disseminated in the media.

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© 2017 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2017
October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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