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Miriam Reiner
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Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2014) 23 (1): iii–iv.
Published: 01 February 2014
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2012) 21 (3): 295–304.
Published: 01 August 2012
Abstract
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The stiffness properties of an environment are perceived during active manual manipulation primarily by processing force cues and position-based tactile, kinesthetic, and visual information. Using a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) stiffness discrimination task, we tested how the perceiver integrates stiffness-related information based on sensory feedback from one or two modalities and the origins of within-session shifts in stiffness discrimination ability. Two factors were investigated: practice and the amount of available sensory information. Subjects discriminated between the stiffness of two targets that were presented either haptically or visuohaptically in two subsequent blocks. Our results show that prior experience in a unisensory haptic stiffness discrimination block greatly improved performance when visual feedback was subsequently provided along with haptic feedback. This improvement could not be attributed to effects induced by practice or multisensory stimulus presentation. Our findings suggest that optimization integration theories of multisensory perception need to account for past sensory experience that may affect current perception of the task even within a single session.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2009) 18 (6): 413–420.
Published: 01 December 2009
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Unaware haptic perception is often inferred but rarely demonstrated empirically. In this paper we present evidence for the effects of unaware haptic stimuli on users' motor interaction with virtual objects. Using a 3D hapto-visual virtual reality, we ran a texture-difference recognition test in which subjects glided a pen-like stylus along a virtual surface with varying roughness. We found that subjects were not aware of changes in texture roughness below a threshold limit, yet the normal force they applied changed. Subjects did not recognize on a cognitive level changes in the sensory cues, but behaved as if they did. These results suggest that performance can be affected through subliminal cues. Based on results from visual perception studies, we also tested the impact of context background conditions on the perception of unaware cues. We measured the threshold of awareness to changes in texture for several reference stimuli. We found that indeed, as in visual perception, this threshold for discriminating between the roughness of surfaces increases when the texture gets smoother, that is, sensitivity changes as a function of the background context. The implications of this work are mainly in the design of VR, especially for the remote manipulation of objects.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2006) 15 (5): 515–523.
Published: 01 October 2006
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Multimodal virtual environments (VE) succeed better than single-sensory technologies in creating a sense of presence. We hypothesize that the underlying cognitive mechanism is related to a faster mental processing of multimodal events. Comparing simple detection times of unimodal (auditory, visual, and haptic) events, with bimodal and trimodal combinations, we show that mental processing times are in the following order: unimodal > bimodal > trimodal. Given this processing-speed advantage, multimodal VE users start their cognitive process faster, thus, in a similar exposure time they can pay attention to more informative cues and subtle details in the environment and integrate them creatively. This richer, more complete and coherent experience may contribute to an enhanced sense of presence.