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Richard H. Y. So
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Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2011) 20 (6): 545–558.
Published: 01 December 2011
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Current head-mounted displays (HMDs) provide only a fixed lens focus. Viewers have to decouple their accommodation and vergence responses when viewing stereoscopic images presented on an HMD. This study investigates the time taken to fuse a pair of stereoscopic images displayed on an HMD when the accommodative demand is matched to the vergence demand. Four testing conditions exhausting the factorial combinations of accommodative demands (2.5 D and 0.5 D) and vergence demands (2.5 MA and 0.5 MA) were investigated. The results indicate that viewers take a significantly shorter amount of time to fuse a pair of stereoscopic images (i.e., fusion time) when the accommodative demand and the stereoscopic depth cues match. Further analysis suggests that an unnatural demand for the eyes to verge toward stereoscopic images whose stereo depth is farther than the accommodative demand is associated with significantly longer fusion time. This study evaluates the potential benefits of using a dynamically adjustable lens focus in future designs of HMDs.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2001) 10 (2): 193–215.
Published: 01 April 2001
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This paper presents a metric to quantify visual scene movement perceived inside a virtual environment (VE) and illustrates how this method could be used in future studies to determine a cybersickness dose value to predict levels of cybersickness in VEs. Sensory conflict theories predict that cybersickness produced by a VE is a kind of visually induced motion sickness. A comprehensive review indicates that there is only one subjective measure to quantify visual stimuli presented inside a VE. A metric, referred to as spatial velocity (SV), is proposed. It combines objective measures of scene complexity and scene movement velocity. The theoretical basis for the proposed SV metric and the algorithms for its implementation are presented. Data from two previous experiments on cybersickness were reanalyzed using the metric. Results showed that increasing SV by either increasing the scene complexity or scene velocity significantly increased the rated level of cybersickness. A strong correlation between SV and the level of cybersickness was found. The use of the spatial velocity metric to predict levels of cybersickness is also discussed.