High-fidelity telepresence is considered to be a key subject for the development of advanced space and surgery robotic systems. The emphasis of this paper are the key challenges like multimodal data servicing, bilateral and shared control concepts, and kinesthetic feedback devices. These technologies are the basic principles in the development of advanced space and surgery applications. Beside these technologies, advanced mechatronic systems are required as shown within this paper. The applicability of the high-fidelity telepresence concept is explored by selected space and surgery scenarios.