Strategic Complements or Substitutes? The Case of Adopting Health Information Technology by U.S. Hospitals

This paper explores the adoption choice of electronic medical records by U.S. hospitals, which could exhibit strategic complements or substitutes. I find complementarities in adoption through a reducedform analysis with instruments for unobserved market characteristics. I further develop a dynamic oligopoly model to allow for strategic timing incentives that are missing in the static model. Adopting a dominant local vendor could increase perperiod profits from adoption by 9.2% over choosing a marginal vendor. A counterfactual analysis suggests an incentive program rewarding coordination, not just adoption, is more effective in achieving interoperability, especially before the widespread adoption of the technology.