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Journal Articles
Why Do Tougher Caseworkers Increase Employment? The Role of Program Assignment as a Causal Mechanism
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2017) 99 (1): 180–183.
Published: 01 March 2017
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Previous research found that less accommodating caseworkers are more successful in placing unemployed workers into employment. This paper explores the causal mechanisms behind this result using semi-parametric mediation analysis. Analyzing rich linked job seeker-caseworker data for Switzerland, we find that the positive employment effects of less accommodating caseworkers are not driven by a particularly effective mix of labor market programs but, rather, by other dimensions of the counseling process, possibly including threats of sanctions and pressure to accept jobs.
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2016) 98 (5): 1001–1005.
Published: 01 December 2016
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We study identification and estimation of the average partial effect in an instrumental variable correlated random coefficients model with continuously distributed endogenous regressors. This model allows treatment effects to be correlated with the level of treatment. The main result shows that the average partial effect is identified by averaging coefficients obtained from a collection of ordinary linear regressions that condition on different realizations of a control function. These control functions can be constructed from binary or discrete instruments, which may affect the endogenous variables heterogeneously. Our results suggest a simple estimator that can be implemented with a companion Stata module.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2015) 97 (4): 916–920.
Published: 01 October 2015
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This paper examines the factors that give rise to intermediaries in exporting and explores the implications for trade volumes. Export intermediaries such as wholesalers serve different markets and export different products than manufacturing exporters do. Wholesalers are more prevalent in markets with higher destination-specific fixed costs and focus on products that are less differentiated, have lower contract intensity, and have large sunk entry costs. Aggregate exports to destinations with high shares of indirect exports are less responsive to changes in the real exchange rate than are exports to markets served primarily by direct exporters.
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2015) 97 (3): 710–713.
Published: 01 July 2015
Abstract
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We link data on racial self-identification with changes in statelevel affirmative action policies to ask whether racial self-identification responds to economic incentives. We find that after a state bans affirmative action, multiracial individuals who face an incentive to identify under affirmative action are about 30% less likely to identify with their minority group. In contrast, multiracial individuals who face a disincentive to identify under affirmative action are roughly 20% more likely to identify with their minority group once affirmative action policies are banned.
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2015) 97 (1): 224–228.
Published: 01 March 2015
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This paper shows that poor households’ entitlement to an exogenous, temporary, but guaranteed income stream increases Mexican migration to the United States, although this income is mainly consumed. Some households use the entitlement to this income stream as collateral to finance the migration. The new migrations come from previously constrained individuals and households and worsen migrant skills. In sum, financial constraints to international migration are binding for poor Mexicans, some of whom would like to migrate but cannot afford to. As growth and antipoverty and microfinance programs relax financial constraints for the poor, low-skilled Mexican migration to the United States will likely increase.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2014) 96 (5): 999–1004.
Published: 01 December 2014
Abstract
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In this paper, I construct product-level U.S.-manufacturing-imports data for new products. I show that consistent with product cycles, the North's new-products exports to the United States, relative to its old-products exports, grow faster than the South's for over a decade; then the South catches up with the North, and this pattern is reversed. This finding holds up in parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric estimations, and only when new products are properly identified and old products within the same industries are used as controls. There is also evidence that product cycles become shorter over time and they are technology related.
Includes: Supplementary data
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2011) 93 (1): 382–386.
Published: 01 February 2011
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This paper estimates the economic effects of a recent reform that simplified business entry regulation in Mexico. The reform was introduced in different municipalities at different points in time. Using microlevel data, I find that the reform increased the number of registered businesses by 5%. This increase was due to former wage earners' opening businesses. Former unregistered business owners were not more likely to register their business after the reform. The reform also increased wage employment by 2.2%. Finally, the results imply that the competition from new entrants decreased the income of incumbent businesses by 3%.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2007) 89 (4): 784–789.
Published: 01 November 2007
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In this paper we consider a nonparametric regression model that admits a mix of continuous and discrete regressors, some of which may in fact be redundant (that is, irrelevant). We show that, asymptotically, a data-driven least squares cross-validation method can remove irrelevant regressors. Simulations reveal that this “automatic dimensionality reduction” feature is very effective in finite-sample settings.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2006) 88 (4): 774–779.
Published: 01 November 2006
Abstract
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Analysis of patent citations is a core methodology in the study of knowledge diffusion. However, citations made by patent examiners have not been separately reported, adding unknown noise to the data. We leverage a recent change in the reporting of patent data showing citations added by examiners. The magnitude is high: two-thirds of citations on the average patent are inserted by examiners. Furthermore, 40% of all patents have all citations added by examiners. We analyze the distribution of examiner and inventor citations with respect to self-citation, distance, technology overlap, and vintage. Results indicate that inferences about inventor knowledge using pooled citations may suffer from bias or overinflated significance levels.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2005) 87 (3): 587–592.
Published: 01 August 2005
Abstract
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This paper tests the rationality of retirement expectations, controlling for sample selection and reporting biases. We find that retirement expectations in the Health and Retirement Study are consistent with the rational expectations hypothesis. We also analyze how new information affects the evolution of retirement expectations and discover that, on average, individuals correctly anticipate most uncertain events when planning their retirement, except for some health shocks, the need for additional private health coverage, and the probability of a job change. Our results support a wide variety of models in economics that assume rational behavior.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2005) 87 (1): 193–196.
Published: 01 February 2005
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This note examines the implications of mean-reverting mea-surement error for two influential literatures based on longitudinal survey data: (1) the literature on real wage variation over the business cycle and (2) the literature on intertemporal substitution in labor supply. Accounting for mean-reverting measurement error suggests that real wages may be even more procyclical than indicated by recent longitudinal studies. We also find that the instrumental variables estimator commonly used in intertemporal substitution studies is inconsistent if changes in earnings and hours of work are measured with different degrees of mean reversion, but the magnitude of the resulting inconsistency appears to be small.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2004) 86 (4): 1034–1036.
Published: 01 November 2004
Abstract
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Wage decompositions are often used to decompose wage differentials of two demographic groups into differences in characteristics and differences in returns to those characteristics. The latter part is used as an estimate of the degree of discrimination. A problem with this approach is that the contributions of individual dummy variables to the wage decomposition are not identified. This note proposes a simple solution to the identification problem. The solution is illustrated with an empirical application to Spanish labor market data.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2004) 86 (3): 833–839.
Published: 01 August 2004
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We test for a change in the volatility of 214 U.S. macroeconomic time series over the period 1959–1999. We find that approximately 80% of these series have experienced a break in unconditional volatility during this period. Even though more than half of the series experienced a break in conditional mean, most of the reduction in volatility appears to be due to changes in conditional volatility. Our results are robust to controlling for business cycle nonlinearity in both mean and variance. Volatility changes are more appropriately characterized as instantaneous breaks than as gradual changes. Nominal variables such as inflation and interest rates experienced multiple volatility breaks and witnessed temporary increases in volatility during the 1970s. On this evidence, we conclude that the increased stability of economic fluctuations is widespread.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2004) 86 (2): 637–640.
Published: 01 May 2004
Abstract
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New survey-based data on siblings are used to assess potential roles of bequests in redistributing income among siblings as implied by prominent models. The data are not focused on the upper tail of the wealth distribution and include both own and sib reports on own and sib's bequests, enabling use of a measurement model. Results indicate that bequests are received by almost two-thirds of children, average bequests are significant fractions of annual earnings, and there are significant differences between sibs' schooling and earnings. However, there are not significant sib differences in bequests once measurement error is incorporated into the analysis.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2002) 84 (4): 751–755.
Published: 01 November 2002
Abstract
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Studies attempting to link locational attributes and individual outcomes often focus on children or young adults, under the presumption that their location was exogenously determined by their parents. This strategy is more difficult to justify if parents migrate selectively and tend to transmit their own characteristics to their children. This paper uses Census microdata to document a strong link between selective migration in one generation and economic outcomes in the next. I show that selective migration is a possible explanation for a puzzle in the existing literature: the changing relationship between segregation levels and individual outcomes within the black population.
Journal Articles
Publisher: Journals Gateway
The Review of Economics and Statistics (2002) 84 (3): 562–568.
Published: 01 August 2002
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This paper compares the performance of U.K. plants that were acquired by the foreign-owned sector during 1987-1992 with other comparable subgroups of plants operating at the same time (including plants acquired by U.K.-owned companies). The principal aim is to consider the types of plants that were acquired and whether after acquisition they performed above or below average when compared to other manufacturing plants. The results show that foreign-owned enterprises acquired the most-productive plants previously operated by U.K. enterprises. After acquisition, there is some evidence that productivity declined, which would be consistent with difficulties associated with assimilating these established plants into the new organization.