In The House of the Seven Gables, Nathaniel Hawthorne performed a multilevel act of literary revenge against Charles W. Upham, the politician and former minister responsible for his dismissal from the Salem Custom House, by caricaturing him in the person of Judge Pyncheon in a portrait rich with biographical and historical allusions.

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© 2015 by The New England Quarterly
2015
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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