Which Ethics for Essex? Elizabeth Gaskell, Salem Witchcraft, and the Problem of Forgiveness Unavailable

I am grateful to staff at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia; Houghton and Widener Libraries, Harvard University; Library Company of Philadelphia; Richmond Public Library; Simon Fraser University Library; and Vancouver Public Library. I am grateful as well to audiences at annual meetings of the Society of Early Americanists, my departmental colleagues, Karen Ferguson, and editors and readers at the New England Quarterly for their help tightening my arguments and their expression.