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Table 3. 

Linear LASSO-PCR results for 28 continuous HCP attributes

Model response (Significant CV results italicized)Sample sizeSignificant correlation with intracranial volumeTraining correlation (measure of model fit)Observed vs. CV prediction correlationConfidence interval [lower, upper]Correlation p value
Age (in years) 841 Yes 0.1430* 0.0311 −0.0378 0.1007 0.1776 
Handedness 841 No 0.5581* −0.0594 −0.1208 0.0017 0.9475 
Total household income 836 Yes 0.1604* −0.0029 −0.0753 0.0632 0.5181 
Years of education completed 840 No 0.4377* 0.0729* 0.0127 0.1343 <10E-4 
Body mass index 840 No 0.4976* 0.2736* 0.2067 0.3421 <10E-4 
Mean hematocrit sample 740 Yes 0.4348* 0.1324* 0.0654 0.1939 <10E-4 
Diastolic blood pressure 830 No 0.2058* 0.0615 −0.0154 0.1378 0.0331 
Systolic blood pressure 830 Yes 0.3596* 0.1396* 0.0745 0.2076 <10E-4 
Systolic-diastolic blood pressure ratio 830 Yes NA** −0.0240 −0.0926 0.0474 0.7457 
Hemoglobin A1C 566 No 0.2130* 0.0098 −0.0794 0.1071 0.4165 
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 841 No NA** −0.0314 −0.0966 0.0415 0.8277 
NIH Picture Sequence Memory Test 840 No 0.5964* 0.0977* 0.0290 0.1618 <10E-4 
NIH Dimensional Change Card Sort Test 839 No 0.2381* −0.0299 −0.0945 0.0379 0.8071 
NIH Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test 841 Yes 0.1285* −0.0001 −0.0706 0.0651 0.5161 
Penn Progressive Matrices: Number of correct responses 838 Yes 0.2027* 0.0849* 0.0187 0.1502 <10E-4 
Penn Progressive Matrices: Total skipped items 838 Yes 0.2090* 0.0733* 0.0120 0.1383 <10E-4 
Penn Progressive Matrices: Median reaction time for correct responses 838 Yes 0.1078* 0.0086 −0.0619 0.0754 0.4075 
NIH Oral Reading Recognition Test 841 Yes 0.1665* 0.0008 −0.0702 0.0660 0.4748 
NIH Picture Vocabulary Test 841 Yes 0.5206* 0.0481 −0.0187 0.1142 0.0781 
NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test 841 No 0.1814* −0.0569 −0.1260 0.0061 0.9390 
Delay Discounting: Area under the curve for discounting of $200 838 Yes 0.3010* 0.0275 −0.0311 0.0891 0.2202 
Delay Discounting: Area under the curve for discounting of $40,000 838 No 0.2056* 0.0802* 0.0132 0.1527 <10E-4 
Variable Short Penn Line Orientation: Total number correct 838 Yes 0.4490* 0.0951* 0.0279 0.1589 <10E-4 
Variable Short Penn Line Orientation: Median reaction time divided by expected number of clicks for correct 838 Yes 0.4449* −0.0572 −0.1302 0.0141 0.9520 
Variable Short Penn Line Orientation: Total positions off for all trials 838 Yes 0.4695* 0.0014 −0.0621 0.0735 0.4741 
Penn Word Memory Test: Total number of correct responses 838 No 0.2382* 0.0474 −0.0228 0.1189 0.0764 
Penn Word Memory Test: Median reaction time for correct responses 838 No 0.2354* −0.0391 −0.0965 0.0191 0.9034 
NIH List Sorting Working Memory Test 841 Yes 0.4140* 0.0793* 0.0097 0.1540 <10E-4 
Model response (Significant CV results italicized)Sample sizeSignificant correlation with intracranial volumeTraining correlation (measure of model fit)Observed vs. CV prediction correlationConfidence interval [lower, upper]Correlation p value
Age (in years) 841 Yes 0.1430* 0.0311 −0.0378 0.1007 0.1776 
Handedness 841 No 0.5581* −0.0594 −0.1208 0.0017 0.9475 
Total household income 836 Yes 0.1604* −0.0029 −0.0753 0.0632 0.5181 
Years of education completed 840 No 0.4377* 0.0729* 0.0127 0.1343 <10E-4 
Body mass index 840 No 0.4976* 0.2736* 0.2067 0.3421 <10E-4 
Mean hematocrit sample 740 Yes 0.4348* 0.1324* 0.0654 0.1939 <10E-4 
Diastolic blood pressure 830 No 0.2058* 0.0615 −0.0154 0.1378 0.0331 
Systolic blood pressure 830 Yes 0.3596* 0.1396* 0.0745 0.2076 <10E-4 
Systolic-diastolic blood pressure ratio 830 Yes NA** −0.0240 −0.0926 0.0474 0.7457 
Hemoglobin A1C 566 No 0.2130* 0.0098 −0.0794 0.1071 0.4165 
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 841 No NA** −0.0314 −0.0966 0.0415 0.8277 
NIH Picture Sequence Memory Test 840 No 0.5964* 0.0977* 0.0290 0.1618 <10E-4 
NIH Dimensional Change Card Sort Test 839 No 0.2381* −0.0299 −0.0945 0.0379 0.8071 
NIH Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test 841 Yes 0.1285* −0.0001 −0.0706 0.0651 0.5161 
Penn Progressive Matrices: Number of correct responses 838 Yes 0.2027* 0.0849* 0.0187 0.1502 <10E-4 
Penn Progressive Matrices: Total skipped items 838 Yes 0.2090* 0.0733* 0.0120 0.1383 <10E-4 
Penn Progressive Matrices: Median reaction time for correct responses 838 Yes 0.1078* 0.0086 −0.0619 0.0754 0.4075 
NIH Oral Reading Recognition Test 841 Yes 0.1665* 0.0008 −0.0702 0.0660 0.4748 
NIH Picture Vocabulary Test 841 Yes 0.5206* 0.0481 −0.0187 0.1142 0.0781 
NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test 841 No 0.1814* −0.0569 −0.1260 0.0061 0.9390 
Delay Discounting: Area under the curve for discounting of $200 838 Yes 0.3010* 0.0275 −0.0311 0.0891 0.2202 
Delay Discounting: Area under the curve for discounting of $40,000 838 No 0.2056* 0.0802* 0.0132 0.1527 <10E-4 
Variable Short Penn Line Orientation: Total number correct 838 Yes 0.4490* 0.0951* 0.0279 0.1589 <10E-4 
Variable Short Penn Line Orientation: Median reaction time divided by expected number of clicks for correct 838 Yes 0.4449* −0.0572 −0.1302 0.0141 0.9520 
Variable Short Penn Line Orientation: Total positions off for all trials 838 Yes 0.4695* 0.0014 −0.0621 0.0735 0.4741 
Penn Word Memory Test: Total number of correct responses 838 No 0.2382* 0.0474 −0.0228 0.1189 0.0764 
Penn Word Memory Test: Median reaction time for correct responses 838 No 0.2354* −0.0391 −0.0965 0.0191 0.9034 
NIH List Sorting Working Memory Test 841 Yes 0.4140* 0.0793* 0.0097 0.1540 <10E-4 
*

The observed-predicted correlation was statistically significant after applying the FDR correction for multiple comparisons.

**

Training correlation could not be computed when the full HCP training set yielded no nonzero LASSO coefficients for ICV or LCF PCs.

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