Table 1. 
Contribution of Demographic Change to Economic Growth, 1965–1990
RegionsAverage Growth: Real GDP Per Capita (%)Average Growth: Population (%)Average Growth: Economically Active Population (%)Average Growth: Dependent Population (%)
Estimated Contribution, 1965–1990 (4 model specifications)
(1)(2)(3)(4)
Asia 3.33 2.32 2.76 1.56 1.04 1.64 0.86 0.73 
East Asia 6.11 1.58 2.39 0.25 1.71 1.87 1.60 1.37 
Southeast Asia 3.80 2.36 2.90 1.66 1.25 1.81 1.07 0.91 
South Asia 1.71 2.27 2.51 1.95 0.66 1.34 0.48 0.41 
Africa 0.97 2.64 2.62 2.92 0.14 1.10 –0.07 –0.06 
Europe 2.83 0.53 0.73 0.15 0.43 0.52 0.39 0.33 
South America 0.85 2.06 2.50 1.71 1.03 1.54 0.87 0.74 
North America 1.61 1.72 2.13 1.11 0.94 1.34 0.81 0.69 
Oceania 1.97 1.57 1.89 1.00 0.74 1.14 0.62 0.53 
RegionsAverage Growth: Real GDP Per Capita (%)Average Growth: Population (%)Average Growth: Economically Active Population (%)Average Growth: Dependent Population (%)
Estimated Contribution, 1965–1990 (4 model specifications)
(1)(2)(3)(4)
Asia 3.33 2.32 2.76 1.56 1.04 1.64 0.86 0.73 
East Asia 6.11 1.58 2.39 0.25 1.71 1.87 1.60 1.37 
Southeast Asia 3.80 2.36 2.90 1.66 1.25 1.81 1.07 0.91 
South Asia 1.71 2.27 2.51 1.95 0.66 1.34 0.48 0.41 
Africa 0.97 2.64 2.62 2.92 0.14 1.10 –0.07 –0.06 
Europe 2.83 0.53 0.73 0.15 0.43 0.52 0.39 0.33 
South America 0.85 2.06 2.50 1.71 1.03 1.54 0.87 0.74 
North America 1.61 1.72 2.13 1.11 0.94 1.34 0.81 0.69 
Oceania 1.97 1.57 1.89 1.00 0.74 1.14 0.62 0.53 

Source: Bloom and Williamson (1998), Table 6.

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