| . | . | . | . | Expected . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | Computation . | Mean . | Std. Dev. . | Signa . |
| HFDIjt | Foreign presence at time interval t in sector j, measured as total output value of FDI firms in sector j/total output value of the sector | 0.220 | 0.267 | + |
| UpFDIjt | Foreign presence at time interval t in upstream sectors relative to sector j, computed from HFDI and transposed IO table coefficients | 0.260 | 0.133 | +/– |
| DownFDIjt | Foreign presence at time interval t in downstream sectors relative to sector j, computed from HFDI and IO table coefficients | 0.307 | 0.128 | – |
| HSOEjt | SOE presence at time interval t in sector j, measured as total output value of SOEs in sector j/total output value of the sector | 0.478 | 0.303 | + |
| UpSOEjt | SOEs presence at time interval t in upstream sectors, computed from HSOE and transposed IO table coefficients | 0.381 | 0.156 | +/– |
| DownSOEjt | SOEs presence at time interval t in downstream sectors, computed as sum product of HSOE and IO table coefficients | 0.328 | 0.125 | – |
| GFDIjt | Sales growth of FDI firms in sector j at time t | 1.255 | 0.819 | +/– |
| GSOEjt | Sales growth of SOEs in sector j at time t | 1.043 | 0.693 | + |
| EXPORTjt | Export ratio of sector j at time t | 0.062 | 0.165 | – |
| EXPRATIOjt | Export ratio of foreign-owned firms in sector j at time t | 0.186 | 0.284 | – |
| IMPORTjt | Import ratio of sector j at time t | 0.1202 | 0.214 | + |
| HERFjt | Herfindahl index, proxy for concentration in the market, calculated as the sum of squares of employment share in sector j | +/– | ||
| MSCALEjt | MES of sector j, computed as the median employment of sector j | 32.514 | 35.164 | +/– |
| ENTRYjt | Entry rate in sector j at time t | 0.241 | 0.082 | + |
| NBRrt | Neighborhood concentration index, measured as the spatial market concentration of provinces surrounding province r at time interval t | 448,445.4 | 68,421 | +/– |
| DIVERrt | Spatial diversity index, measured as the sum of squares of sectoral output shares in province r at time t | 9.198 | 66.906 | – |
| REL_SIZEit | Relative size of the firm i at time t, measured as the output of firm i to median output in sector j | 1.157 | 3.813 | – |
| CAP_INTit | Capital intensity, measured as total value of fixed assets to number of employees of firm i at time t | 140.80 | 371.97 | – |
| AGEit | Age of firm i at time t measured as number of years since establishment to time t | 4.525 | 4.151 | – |
| . | . | . | . | Expected . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | Computation . | Mean . | Std. Dev. . | Signa . |
| HFDIjt | Foreign presence at time interval t in sector j, measured as total output value of FDI firms in sector j/total output value of the sector | 0.220 | 0.267 | + |
| UpFDIjt | Foreign presence at time interval t in upstream sectors relative to sector j, computed from HFDI and transposed IO table coefficients | 0.260 | 0.133 | +/– |
| DownFDIjt | Foreign presence at time interval t in downstream sectors relative to sector j, computed from HFDI and IO table coefficients | 0.307 | 0.128 | – |
| HSOEjt | SOE presence at time interval t in sector j, measured as total output value of SOEs in sector j/total output value of the sector | 0.478 | 0.303 | + |
| UpSOEjt | SOEs presence at time interval t in upstream sectors, computed from HSOE and transposed IO table coefficients | 0.381 | 0.156 | +/– |
| DownSOEjt | SOEs presence at time interval t in downstream sectors, computed as sum product of HSOE and IO table coefficients | 0.328 | 0.125 | – |
| GFDIjt | Sales growth of FDI firms in sector j at time t | 1.255 | 0.819 | +/– |
| GSOEjt | Sales growth of SOEs in sector j at time t | 1.043 | 0.693 | + |
| EXPORTjt | Export ratio of sector j at time t | 0.062 | 0.165 | – |
| EXPRATIOjt | Export ratio of foreign-owned firms in sector j at time t | 0.186 | 0.284 | – |
| IMPORTjt | Import ratio of sector j at time t | 0.1202 | 0.214 | + |
| HERFjt | Herfindahl index, proxy for concentration in the market, calculated as the sum of squares of employment share in sector j | +/– | ||
| MSCALEjt | MES of sector j, computed as the median employment of sector j | 32.514 | 35.164 | +/– |
| ENTRYjt | Entry rate in sector j at time t | 0.241 | 0.082 | + |
| NBRrt | Neighborhood concentration index, measured as the spatial market concentration of provinces surrounding province r at time interval t | 448,445.4 | 68,421 | +/– |
| DIVERrt | Spatial diversity index, measured as the sum of squares of sectoral output shares in province r at time t | 9.198 | 66.906 | – |
| REL_SIZEit | Relative size of the firm i at time t, measured as the output of firm i to median output in sector j | 1.157 | 3.813 | – |
| CAP_INTit | Capital intensity, measured as total value of fixed assets to number of employees of firm i at time t | 140.80 | 371.97 | – |
| AGEit | Age of firm i at time t measured as number of years since establishment to time t | 4.525 | 4.151 | – |
aExpected effect of the variable on the hazard of exit.
Source: Authors’ computations.