| . | Manufacturing . | Services . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | High Technology and High Product Differentiation . | Medium Technology and High Product Differentiation . | Low Technology and Low Product Differentiation . | High Technology and High Product Differentiation . | Medium Technology and High Product Differentiation . |
| Number of industries | 83 | 67 | 53 | 25 | 52 |
| R&D expenditure-to-sales ratio (%) | 0.65 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.00 |
| Royalty payments abroad-to-sales ratio (%) | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| Capital goods imports-to-sales ratio (%) | 1.79 | 2.54 | 1.19 | 2.32 | 3.50 |
| Advertisement expenditure-to-sales ratio (%) | 1.50 | 2.17 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 3.02 |
| . | Manufacturing . | Services . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | High Technology and High Product Differentiation . | Medium Technology and High Product Differentiation . | Low Technology and Low Product Differentiation . | High Technology and High Product Differentiation . | Medium Technology and High Product Differentiation . |
| Number of industries | 83 | 67 | 53 | 25 | 52 |
| R&D expenditure-to-sales ratio (%) | 0.65 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.00 |
| Royalty payments abroad-to-sales ratio (%) | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| Capital goods imports-to-sales ratio (%) | 1.79 | 2.54 | 1.19 | 2.32 | 3.50 |
| Advertisement expenditure-to-sales ratio (%) | 1.50 | 2.17 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 3.02 |
R&D = research and development.
Source: Author's calculations.