| Variables . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Export | 3.257*** | 2.144*** | 1.735*** | 2.116*** | 1.030*** | 1.051*** |
| (0.142) | (0.144) | |||||
| Log (Capital intensity) | 0.202* | 0.194 | ||||
| (0.119) | (0.119) | |||||
| Log (Age) | 0.461*** | 0.471*** | ||||
| (0.157) | (0.152) | |||||
| SOE | −1.502** | −1.208* | ||||
| (0.683) | (0.704) | |||||
| Import | 0.494* | 0.567 | ||||
| (0.295) | (0.346) | |||||
| Log (R&D intensity) | −0.998 | −0.341 | ||||
| (0.995) | (0.594) | |||||
| Log (Environmental expenditure) | 0.584** | 0.607** | ||||
| (0.246) | (0.266) | |||||
| Constant | 0.921*** | −0.005 | 1.150*** | 0.204 | −1.238 | −1.966** |
| (0.084) | (0.203) | (0.033) | (0.239) | (2.260) | (0.793) | |
| Observations | 63,584 | 63,584 | 63,584 | 8,051 | 8,051 | 8,051 |
| R-squared | 0.021 | 0.050 | 0.252 | 0.062 | 0.055 | 0.074 |
| Industry-year effects | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Province effects | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Industry-province-year effects | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Variables . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Export | 3.257*** | 2.144*** | 1.735*** | 2.116*** | 1.030*** | 1.051*** |
| (0.142) | (0.144) | |||||
| Log (Capital intensity) | 0.202* | 0.194 | ||||
| (0.119) | (0.119) | |||||
| Log (Age) | 0.461*** | 0.471*** | ||||
| (0.157) | (0.152) | |||||
| SOE | −1.502** | −1.208* | ||||
| (0.683) | (0.704) | |||||
| Import | 0.494* | 0.567 | ||||
| (0.295) | (0.346) | |||||
| Log (R&D intensity) | −0.998 | −0.341 | ||||
| (0.995) | (0.594) | |||||
| Log (Environmental expenditure) | 0.584** | 0.607** | ||||
| (0.246) | (0.266) | |||||
| Constant | 0.921*** | −0.005 | 1.150*** | 0.204 | −1.238 | −1.966** |
| (0.084) | (0.203) | (0.033) | (0.239) | (2.260) | (0.793) | |
| Observations | 63,584 | 63,584 | 63,584 | 8,051 | 8,051 | 8,051 |
| R-squared | 0.021 | 0.050 | 0.252 | 0.062 | 0.055 | 0.074 |
| Industry-year effects | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Province effects | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Industry-province-year effects | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
R&D = research and development, SOE = state-owned enterprise.
Notes: Robust standard errors are given in parentheses. The dependent variable is the number of accidents per thousand workers. *** = significant at 1%, ** = significant at 5%, and * = significant at 10%.
Source: Author's calculations based on annual enterprise surveys (various years) obtained from the Government of Viet Nam, General Statistics Office.