Fluid robot composition screening table. This table lists the main various compositions used in the empirical search for a controllable and reproducible non-Newtonian fluid. Material sources are entered in parentheses. Stirring included mainly vortexing for several minutes, aided by crushing with a metal spoon when needed.
| Particle type . | Main liquid . | Additional liquids . | % solid particles . | Stirring method . | Comments and observations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starch microparticles (6.4 μm) | Distilled water | 7.15% Food coloring (E-124 / E-143) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | |
| 7.15% fructose–glucose mixture (30% glucose, 35% fructose, 35% distilled water) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | |||
| 33% gouache color (blue) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | This combination fails to make NNF. | ||
| 7.17% v/v food coloring (E-124 / E-143) and 7.15% v/v fructose–glucose mixture | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | This combination was used in the majority of the experiments, as it is both stable and has good visibility on cameras. | ||
| Tap water | 7.17% v/v food coloring (E-124 / E-143) and 7.15% v/v fructose–glucose mixture | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Liquid behavior differs from that of DW. | |
| Oil from canola seeds | 7.17% v/v food coloring (E-124 / E-143) and 7.15% v/v fructose–glucose mixture | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Hydrophobic behavior anticipated; however, NNF cannot be created using these materials. | |
| Tomato extract (35% tomato extract, 63% water, 2% glucose) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | This extract has pseudoplastic behavior; thus anti-dilatant behavior was expected. However, NNF cannot be created using these materials. | ||
| TBE × 1 buffer (Promega) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | |||
| BupH × 2 buffer (Pierce) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Liquid was made for synthesis experiment. | ||
| Silica nanoparticles (200 nm) | PEG (Sigma) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | ||
| Sea sand | Distilled water | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Weak NNF; cannot be controlled. | |
| Alumina nanoparticles (150 nm) | Distilled water | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | NNF cannot be made with these materials. Gluey substance was formed. Was used for bits in counting experiment (with different concentrations). |
| Particle type . | Main liquid . | Additional liquids . | % solid particles . | Stirring method . | Comments and observations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starch microparticles (6.4 μm) | Distilled water | 7.15% Food coloring (E-124 / E-143) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | |
| 7.15% fructose–glucose mixture (30% glucose, 35% fructose, 35% distilled water) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | |||
| 33% gouache color (blue) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | This combination fails to make NNF. | ||
| 7.17% v/v food coloring (E-124 / E-143) and 7.15% v/v fructose–glucose mixture | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | This combination was used in the majority of the experiments, as it is both stable and has good visibility on cameras. | ||
| Tap water | 7.17% v/v food coloring (E-124 / E-143) and 7.15% v/v fructose–glucose mixture | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Liquid behavior differs from that of DW. | |
| Oil from canola seeds | 7.17% v/v food coloring (E-124 / E-143) and 7.15% v/v fructose–glucose mixture | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Hydrophobic behavior anticipated; however, NNF cannot be created using these materials. | |
| Tomato extract (35% tomato extract, 63% water, 2% glucose) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | This extract has pseudoplastic behavior; thus anti-dilatant behavior was expected. However, NNF cannot be created using these materials. | ||
| TBE × 1 buffer (Promega) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | |||
| BupH × 2 buffer (Pierce) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Liquid was made for synthesis experiment. | ||
| Silica nanoparticles (200 nm) | PEG (Sigma) | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | ||
| Sea sand | Distilled water | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | Weak NNF; cannot be controlled. | |
| Alumina nanoparticles (150 nm) | Distilled water | 58% (40 g per 30 g liquid) | Vortex mixer and metal spoon | NNF cannot be made with these materials. Gluey substance was formed. Was used for bits in counting experiment (with different concentrations). |