MIT Press

Table 4.

Estimates from Conditional Logit Models without School Fixed Effects

	Pre-university	Senior General/Pre-university	Senior General	Pre-vocational IV/Senior General
Negative quality	0.371^***	−0.380^***	0.106	0.001
	(0.111)	(0.127)	(0.084)	(0.101)
		0.304^***		−0.307^***
		(0.108)		(0.109)
Positive quality	0.477^***	0.474^***	0.122	−0.055
	(0.093)	(0.105)	(0.077)	(0.124)
		0.046		−0.321^**
		(0.114)		(0.143)
Missing quality scores	−0.414^***	−0.377^**	−0.775^***	−0.602
	(0.136)	(0.181)	(0.169)	(0.413)
		−0.705^**		0.363
		(0.298)		(0.393)
Negative quality 2009	−0.011	0.696^**	−0.058	0.108
	(0.229)	(0.268)	(0.383)	(0.459)
		−0.503		0.384
		(0.420)		(0.289)
Positive quality 2009	−0.293^**	0.062	−0.274^**	0.182
	(0.119)	(0.188)	(0.107)	(0.159)
		−0.100		0.181
		(0.162)		(0.208)
Missing quality scores 2009	−0.118	0.549	−0.006	−0.222
	(0.270)	(0.590)	(0.173)	(0.263)
		−0.768
		(0.484)
Distance	−0.535^***	−0.552^***	−0.520^***	−0.553^***
	(0.020)	(0.020)	(0.021)	(0.024)
Lottery	0.335^***	−0.078	0.035	0.462^***
	(0.067)	(0.064)	(0.067)	(0.137)
N students	4,374	2,819	3,133	2,028
N schools	27	21	23	18
Log likelihood	10,375.3	−5,991.1	−7,068.0	−3,703.4
Pseudo R²	0.15	0.24	0.24	0.31
	Pre-vocational IV	Pre-vocational II	Pre-vocational I/II	Pre-vocational I
Negative quality	−0.222^***	0.080	−0.115	−0.355
	(0.085)	(0.123)	(0.212)	(0.555)
			−1.037
			(0.735)
Positive quality	−0.189^*	0.034	0.171	0.069
	(0.098)	(0.089)	(0.131)	(0.105)
			0.190
			(0.169)
Missing quality scores	−0.260^**	0.160	−0.382	0.058
	(0.129)	(0.145)	(0.556)	(0.139)
			0.380
			(0.587)
Negative quality 2009	0.354^**	−0.605	−0.763	0.385
	(0.169)	(0.482)	(0.578)	(0.404)
Positive quality 2009	−0.393^**	−0.317^*	−0.657^**	0.238
	(0.159)	(0.170)	(0.259)	(0.218)
			0.039
			(0.293)
Missing quality scores 2009	−0.567^***	−0.568^**	−0.538	−0.375
	(0.191)	(0.258)	(0.650)	(0.377)
			−0.257
			(0.777)
Distance	−0.546^***	−0.482^***	−0.531^***	−0.582^***
	(0.022)	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.017)
Lottery	0.633^***	0.113	0.219	0.049
	(0.134)	(0.338)	(0.334)	(0.183)
N students	2,881	2,130	1,039	2,713
N schools	23	22	21	22
Log likelihood	−5,446.1	−4,365.7	−2,059.1	−5,400.9
Pseudo R²	0.32	0.29	0.31	0.33

	Pre-university	Senior General/Pre-university	Senior General	Pre-vocational IV/Senior General
Negative quality	0.371^***	−0.380^***	0.106	0.001
	(0.111)	(0.127)	(0.084)	(0.101)
		0.304^***		−0.307^***
		(0.108)		(0.109)
Positive quality	0.477^***	0.474^***	0.122	−0.055
	(0.093)	(0.105)	(0.077)	(0.124)
		0.046		−0.321^**
		(0.114)		(0.143)
Missing quality scores	−0.414^***	−0.377^**	−0.775^***	−0.602
	(0.136)	(0.181)	(0.169)	(0.413)
		−0.705^**		0.363
		(0.298)		(0.393)
Negative quality 2009	−0.011	0.696^**	−0.058	0.108
	(0.229)	(0.268)	(0.383)	(0.459)
		−0.503		0.384
		(0.420)		(0.289)
Positive quality 2009	−0.293^**	0.062	−0.274^**	0.182
	(0.119)	(0.188)	(0.107)	(0.159)
		−0.100		0.181
		(0.162)		(0.208)
Missing quality scores 2009	−0.118	0.549	−0.006	−0.222
	(0.270)	(0.590)	(0.173)	(0.263)
		−0.768
		(0.484)
Distance	−0.535^***	−0.552^***	−0.520^***	−0.553^***
	(0.020)	(0.020)	(0.021)	(0.024)
Lottery	0.335^***	−0.078	0.035	0.462^***
	(0.067)	(0.064)	(0.067)	(0.137)
N students	4,374	2,819	3,133	2,028
N schools	27	21	23	18
Log likelihood	10,375.3	−5,991.1	−7,068.0	−3,703.4
Pseudo R²	0.15	0.24	0.24	0.31
	Pre-vocational IV	Pre-vocational II	Pre-vocational I/II	Pre-vocational I
Negative quality	−0.222^***	0.080	−0.115	−0.355
	(0.085)	(0.123)	(0.212)	(0.555)
			−1.037
			(0.735)
Positive quality	−0.189^*	0.034	0.171	0.069
	(0.098)	(0.089)	(0.131)	(0.105)
			0.190
			(0.169)
Missing quality scores	−0.260^**	0.160	−0.382	0.058
	(0.129)	(0.145)	(0.556)	(0.139)
			0.380
			(0.587)
Negative quality 2009	0.354^**	−0.605	−0.763	0.385
	(0.169)	(0.482)	(0.578)	(0.404)
Positive quality 2009	−0.393^**	−0.317^*	−0.657^**	0.238
	(0.159)	(0.170)	(0.259)	(0.218)
			0.039
			(0.293)
Missing quality scores 2009	−0.567^***	−0.568^**	−0.538	−0.375
	(0.191)	(0.258)	(0.650)	(0.377)
			−0.257
			(0.777)
Distance	−0.546^***	−0.482^***	−0.531^***	−0.582^***
	(0.022)	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.017)
Lottery	0.633^***	0.113	0.219	0.049
	(0.134)	(0.338)	(0.334)	(0.183)
N students	2,881	2,130	1,039	2,713
N schools	23	22	21	22
Log likelihood	−5,446.1	−4,365.7	−2,059.1	−5,400.9
Pseudo R²	0.32	0.29	0.31	0.33

Notes: Standard errors are clustered at the primary school level and reported in parentheses. Included student level controls are gender, Dutch, missing ethnicity, test score, missing test score, student weight, and missing student weight.

^***p < 0.01; ^**p < 0.05; ^*p < 0.10.

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