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Table 4.

Categorical Responses to Object Sounds Specific to the Blind

Area	k	x (mm)	y (mm)	z (mm)	Z	p	x (mm)	y (mm)	z (mm)	Z	p
Between-group Effects: [EB > SC]							Main Effect in EB
[O > SO]							[O > SO]
L inferior occipital G	7443	−26	−92	6	5.46	.001*	−20	−94	6	5.35	.001*
L middle/inferior occipital G		−36	−82	0	5.45	0.001*	−32	−84	−4	5.14	0.003*
L fusiform G		−36	−68	−14	4.86	.011*	−34	−68	−18	5.82	<.001*
R inferior OTC	6075	38	−66	−4	4.75	.018*	38	−66	−6	4.54	.039*
R inferior occipital G		36	−84	0	4.57	.035*	34	−82	−4	4.52	.043*
R fusiform S		34	−54	−16	4.52	.042*	38	−56	−20	5.31	.002*

[O > V]							[O > V]
L middle occipital G	15494	−26	−92	4	5.57	<.001*	−24	−94	8	5.39	.001*
L middle/inferior occipital G		−28	−78	−4	5.32	0.001*	−26	−78	−4	5.54	0.001*
L superior occipital G		−26	−94	26	5.22	.002*	−26	−94	24	5.34	.001*

[O > SO] ∩ [O > V]							[O > SO] ∩ [O > V]
L middle occipital G	5582	−26	−92	6	5.46	.001*	−24	−94	6	5.31	.001*
L middle/inferior occipital G		−36	−82	−2	5.21	0.002*	−30	−80	−6	5.14	0.003*
L lingual G		−20	−74	0	4.49	.047*	−20	−72	2	4.83	.013*
R inferior OTC	4821	38	−66	−4	4.75	.018*	38	−72	4	4.60	.031*
R inferior occipital G		36	−80	−2	4.40	.001	36	−76	−4	4.15	.002
R middle occipital G		40	−86	10	4.29	.001	40	−82	10	3.75	.008

Area	k	x (mm)	y (mm)	z (mm)	Z	p	x (mm)	y (mm)	z (mm)	Z	p
Between-group Effects: [EB > SC]							Main Effect in EB
[O > SO]							[O > SO]
L inferior occipital G	7443	−26	−92	6	5.46	.001*	−20	−94	6	5.35	.001*
L middle/inferior occipital G		−36	−82	0	5.45	0.001*	−32	−84	−4	5.14	0.003*
L fusiform G		−36	−68	−14	4.86	.011*	−34	−68	−18	5.82	<.001*
R inferior OTC	6075	38	−66	−4	4.75	.018*	38	−66	−6	4.54	.039*
R inferior occipital G		36	−84	0	4.57	.035*	34	−82	−4	4.52	.043*
R fusiform S		34	−54	−16	4.52	.042*	38	−56	−20	5.31	.002*

[O > V]							[O > V]
L middle occipital G	15494	−26	−92	4	5.57	<.001*	−24	−94	8	5.39	.001*
L middle/inferior occipital G		−28	−78	−4	5.32	0.001*	−26	−78	−4	5.54	0.001*
L superior occipital G		−26	−94	26	5.22	.002*	−26	−94	24	5.34	.001*

[O > SO] ∩ [O > V]							[O > SO] ∩ [O > V]
L middle occipital G	5582	−26	−92	6	5.46	.001*	−24	−94	6	5.31	.001*
L middle/inferior occipital G		−36	−82	−2	5.21	0.002*	−30	−80	−6	5.14	0.003*
L lingual G		−20	−74	0	4.49	.047*	−20	−72	2	4.83	.013*
R inferior OTC	4821	38	−66	−4	4.75	.018*	38	−72	4	4.60	.031*
R inferior occipital G		36	−80	−2	4.40	.001	36	−76	−4	4.15	.002
R middle occipital G		40	−86	10	4.29	.001	40	−82	10	3.75	.008

Coordinates reported in this table are significant (p < .05 FWE) after correction over small spherical volumes (SVC) or over (*) the whole brain. k represents the number of voxels when displayed at p(unc) < .001. EB = early blind; SC = sighted controls; V = voices; O = objects; SV = scrambled voices; SO = scrambled objects; L = left; R = right; G = gyrus; S = sulcus; OTC = occipitotemporal cortex. For each region significant in the between-group contrasts (left-hand table), corresponding coordinates significant in the main effect in the blind are listed in the right-hand table. None of these regions were activated in the sighted group, indicating that the between-group effects (blind > sighted) are driven by these regions being responsive only in the blind group. Two regions (underlined in the left-hand table) showed selective deactivation in the sighted group, thus contributing to the between-group effects observed in the R inferior OTC [34 −68 4] (z = 3.21) and in the L middle occipital G [−24 −84 6] (z = 3.25). Coordinates used for SVC are as follows (in MNI space): R middle occipital G: [44 −74 8] (Gougoux et al., 2009). Regions listed showing specific responses to objects (relative to both scrambled objects and voices) in blind compared with sighted are depicted in Figure 4A.

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