Resolving the scope of speculation cues using the dependency rules, the constituent ranker, and their combination. Whereas table (a) shows results for gold-standard cues, table (b) shows end-to-end results for the cues predicted by the classifier of Section 5.2. Results are shown both for the BioScope development data (for which both the scope ranker and the cue classifier is applied using 10-fold cross-validation) and the CoNLL-2010 Shared Task evaluation data.