Table 19 

Example of a question that requires an understanding of negation.

Complex Inference — Negation
Question Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? (GR:5) 
Issue Requires detecting negation in the graphlets. The chosen answer justification contains negative evidence against itself. 
 
Correct Answer Milk souring 
Justification Examples of chemical properties include the souring of milk and the ability to burn in the presence of oxygen. (Barrons SG) 
 Evidence of a chemical change could be change in temperature, light, heat, or sound given off, or the formation of gasses. (Science Dictionary) 
 
Chosen Answer Ice cream melting 
Justification Melting of ice is a physical change, not a chemical change. (Barrons SG) 
 Melting is a process of an object changing from the solid state to the liquid state without a change in temperature. (Wiktionary) 
Complex Inference — Negation
Question Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? (GR:5) 
Issue Requires detecting negation in the graphlets. The chosen answer justification contains negative evidence against itself. 
 
Correct Answer Milk souring 
Justification Examples of chemical properties include the souring of milk and the ability to burn in the presence of oxygen. (Barrons SG) 
 Evidence of a chemical change could be change in temperature, light, heat, or sound given off, or the formation of gasses. (Science Dictionary) 
 
Chosen Answer Ice cream melting 
Justification Melting of ice is a physical change, not a chemical change. (Barrons SG) 
 Melting is a process of an object changing from the solid state to the liquid state without a change in temperature. (Wiktionary) 
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