POS tagging accuracy: the Lattice-Token-R and other graphical model representations outperform Trad-R and state-of-the-art Chinese POS taggers on all target domains. For target domains, * indicates the performance is statistically significantly better than the Stanford and Trad-R baselines at p < 0.05, using a two-tailed χ2 test; ** indicates significance at p < 0.01. On the news domain, the Stanford tagger is significantly different from all other systems using a two-tailed χ2 test with p < 0.01.
| Domain . | Stanford . | Trad . | NGr . | LSA . | NB . | HMM . | I-H . | LAT . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lore | 88.4 | 84.0 | 84.2 | 85.3 | 85.3 | 89.7 | 89.9 | 90.1* |
| religion | 83.5 | 79.1 | 79.4 | 79.8 | 80.0 | 85.2 | 85.6 | 85.9* |
| humour | 89.0 | 84.2 | 84.5 | 86.2 | 86.8 | 89.6 | 89.6 | 89.9* |
| general-fic | 87.5 | 84.5 | 85.0 | 85.3 | 85.7 | 89.4 | 89.7 | 89.9* |
| essay | 88.4 | 83.2 | 83.7 | 84.0 | 84.3 | 89.0 | 89.1 | 90.1* |
| mystery | 87.4 | 82.4 | 83.4 | 84.3 | 85.3 | 90.1 | 91.1 | 91.3** |
| romance | 87.5 | 84.2 | 84.5 | 85.3 | 86.1 | 89.0 | 89.5 | 89.8** |
| science-fic | 88.6 | 82.1 | 82.5 | 83.0 | 83.0 | 87.0 | 88.3 | 88.6 |
| skills | 82.7 | 77.3 | 77.7 | 78.2 | 78.4 | 84.9 | 85.0 | 85.1** |
| science | 86.0 | 82.0 | 82.3 | 82.4 | 82.4 | 87.8 | 87.8 | 87.9* |
| adventure-fic | 82.1 | 74.3 | 75.2 | 76.1 | 77.8 | 81.7 | 82.0 | 82.2 |
| report | 91.7 | 84.2 | 85.1 | 85.3 | 86.1 | 91.9 | 91.9 | 91.9 |
| news | 98.8** | 96.9 | 92.3 | 93.4 | 94.3 | 94.2 | 97.0 | 97.1 |
| all but news | 87.0 | 81.2 | 82.0 | 82.8 | 83.6 | 88.1 | 88.4 | 88.8** |
| all domains | 88.7 | 83.2 | 83.6 | 84.4 | 85.5 | 89.5 | 89.7 | 90.0** |
| Domain . | Stanford . | Trad . | NGr . | LSA . | NB . | HMM . | I-H . | LAT . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lore | 88.4 | 84.0 | 84.2 | 85.3 | 85.3 | 89.7 | 89.9 | 90.1* |
| religion | 83.5 | 79.1 | 79.4 | 79.8 | 80.0 | 85.2 | 85.6 | 85.9* |
| humour | 89.0 | 84.2 | 84.5 | 86.2 | 86.8 | 89.6 | 89.6 | 89.9* |
| general-fic | 87.5 | 84.5 | 85.0 | 85.3 | 85.7 | 89.4 | 89.7 | 89.9* |
| essay | 88.4 | 83.2 | 83.7 | 84.0 | 84.3 | 89.0 | 89.1 | 90.1* |
| mystery | 87.4 | 82.4 | 83.4 | 84.3 | 85.3 | 90.1 | 91.1 | 91.3** |
| romance | 87.5 | 84.2 | 84.5 | 85.3 | 86.1 | 89.0 | 89.5 | 89.8** |
| science-fic | 88.6 | 82.1 | 82.5 | 83.0 | 83.0 | 87.0 | 88.3 | 88.6 |
| skills | 82.7 | 77.3 | 77.7 | 78.2 | 78.4 | 84.9 | 85.0 | 85.1** |
| science | 86.0 | 82.0 | 82.3 | 82.4 | 82.4 | 87.8 | 87.8 | 87.9* |
| adventure-fic | 82.1 | 74.3 | 75.2 | 76.1 | 77.8 | 81.7 | 82.0 | 82.2 |
| report | 91.7 | 84.2 | 85.1 | 85.3 | 86.1 | 91.9 | 91.9 | 91.9 |
| news | 98.8** | 96.9 | 92.3 | 93.4 | 94.3 | 94.2 | 97.0 | 97.1 |
| all but news | 87.0 | 81.2 | 82.0 | 82.8 | 83.6 | 88.1 | 88.4 | 88.8** |
| all domains | 88.7 | 83.2 | 83.6 | 84.4 | 85.5 | 89.5 | 89.7 | 90.0** |