MIT Press

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics

Dependent Variables	No. of Observations	Mean	Standard Deviation	Min	Max	Source
Log of exports	13,605	10.317	3.061	0.000	19.385	Provincial-level yearbooks
Log of imports	9,065	10.181	3.504	0.000	17.695	Provincial-level yearbooks
Independent Variables	No. of Observations	Mean	Standard Deviation	Min	Max	Source
$l n (A C F I C_{i t})$	203	11.328	0.961	7.688	12.682	ACFIC yearbooks
$l n (C B T_{j t})$	1,229	2.558	1.800	0.000	7.974	China Business Times website
$l n (G D P_{i t})$	248	19.121	1.013	15.681	20.920	National Bureau of Statistics of China
$l n (G D P_{j t})$	1,438	17.320	2.315	10.368	23.552	World Bank World Development Indicators
$l n (D i s t a n c e_{i j})$	1,878	8.832	0.650	4.716	9.899	Google Maps and CEPII
$B o r d e r_{i j}$	1,861	0.007	0.083	0.000	1.000	Google Maps and CEPII
$R e l i g i o n_{i j}$	1,861	0.028	0.166	0.000	1.000	Organization of Islamic Cooperation
$l n (P o p u l a t i o n_{i t})$	248	17.319	0.847	14.901	18.516	National Bureau of Statistics of China
$l n (P o p u l a t i o n_{j t})$	1,438	15.574	2.116	9.253	21.004	World Bank World Development Indicators
$l n (A r e a_{i t})$	31	12.016	1.225	9.031	14.305	National Bureau of Statistics of China
$l n (A r e a_{j t})$	298	11.110	2.682	0.693	16.611	World Bank World Development Indicators
$S F I_{j t}$	1,325	8.309	6.225	0.000	25.000	Quality of Government database
$l n (T C P_{j, t - 1})$	1,426	7.142	2.509	−1.204	13.445	National Bureau of Statistics of China
Instrumental Variables	No. of Observations	Mean	Standard Deviation	Min	Max	Source
$l n (P r i v a t e F i r m_{i t})$	186	11.934	1.244	7.312	14.253	National Bureau of Statistics of China

Dependent Variables	No. of Observations	Mean	Standard Deviation	Min	Max	Source
Log of exports	13,605	10.317	3.061	0.000	19.385	Provincial-level yearbooks
Log of imports	9,065	10.181	3.504	0.000	17.695	Provincial-level yearbooks
Independent Variables	No. of Observations	Mean	Standard Deviation	Min	Max	Source
$l n (A C F I C_{i t})$	203	11.328	0.961	7.688	12.682	ACFIC yearbooks
$l n (C B T_{j t})$	1,229	2.558	1.800	0.000	7.974	China Business Times website
$l n (G D P_{i t})$	248	19.121	1.013	15.681	20.920	National Bureau of Statistics of China
$l n (G D P_{j t})$	1,438	17.320	2.315	10.368	23.552	World Bank World Development Indicators
$l n (D i s t a n c e_{i j})$	1,878	8.832	0.650	4.716	9.899	Google Maps and CEPII
$B o r d e r_{i j}$	1,861	0.007	0.083	0.000	1.000	Google Maps and CEPII
$R e l i g i o n_{i j}$	1,861	0.028	0.166	0.000	1.000	Organization of Islamic Cooperation
$l n (P o p u l a t i o n_{i t})$	248	17.319	0.847	14.901	18.516	National Bureau of Statistics of China
$l n (P o p u l a t i o n_{j t})$	1,438	15.574	2.116	9.253	21.004	World Bank World Development Indicators
$l n (A r e a_{i t})$	31	12.016	1.225	9.031	14.305	National Bureau of Statistics of China
$l n (A r e a_{j t})$	298	11.110	2.682	0.693	16.611	World Bank World Development Indicators
$S F I_{j t}$	1,325	8.309	6.225	0.000	25.000	Quality of Government database
$l n (T C P_{j, t - 1})$	1,426	7.142	2.509	−1.204	13.445	National Bureau of Statistics of China
Instrumental Variables	No. of Observations	Mean	Standard Deviation	Min	Max	Source
$l n (P r i v a t e F i r m_{i t})$	186	11.934	1.244	7.312	14.253	National Bureau of Statistics of China

ACFIC = All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, CEPII = Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales.

Notes: The time range of the dependent variables is from 2010 to 2017; those for the independent and instrumental variables, except the log of $C B T_{j t}$ ⁠, are from 2009 to 2016. The time range of the log of $C B T_{j t}$ is from 2009 to 2017 because it becomes a dependent variable in section V. The variables measured by currency values are in thousand current United States dollars. Land area is measured in square kilometers.

Source: Authors’ calculations.

View Large

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only