| . | . | Exposed . | Exposure . | Exposed . | Cost per . | Total Cost . | Cost per . | Total Cost . | Total Cost . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Araihazar . | Population . | Proportion . | Population . | Govt/NGO . | Govt/NGO . | Household . | Household . | per Exposure . |
| Mitigation Method . | Activity . | Reached . | Reduced . | Reduced . | ($) . | ($) . | ($) . | ($) . | Reduced ($) . |
| Testing and switching | 48,800 wells tested (21,300 safe) | 220,000 | 60% | 132,000 | 2.5 | 122,000 | 1 | ||
| Private intermediate wells | 8,450 intermediate wells installed (7,610 safe) | 67,600 | 90% | 60,800 | 200 | 1,690,000 | 28 | ||
| Deep tube wells | 916 deep wells installed (907 safe) | 51,200 | 10% | 5,120 | 800 | 733,000 | 143 | ||
| Piped water supply | 312 connections installed (312 safe) | 2,180 | 100% | 2,180 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 300a | 93,600 | 158 |
| . | . | Exposed . | Exposure . | Exposed . | Cost per . | Total Cost . | Cost per . | Total Cost . | Total Cost . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Araihazar . | Population . | Proportion . | Population . | Govt/NGO . | Govt/NGO . | Household . | Household . | per Exposure . |
| Mitigation Method . | Activity . | Reached . | Reduced . | Reduced . | ($) . | ($) . | ($) . | ($) . | Reduced ($) . |
| Testing and switching | 48,800 wells tested (21,300 safe) | 220,000 | 60% | 132,000 | 2.5 | 122,000 | 1 | ||
| Private intermediate wells | 8,450 intermediate wells installed (7,610 safe) | 67,600 | 90% | 60,800 | 200 | 1,690,000 | 28 | ||
| Deep tube wells | 916 deep wells installed (907 safe) | 51,200 | 10% | 5,120 | 800 | 733,000 | 143 | ||
| Piped water supply | 312 connections installed (312 safe) | 2,180 | 100% | 2,180 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 300a | 93,600 | 158 |
NGO = nongovernment organization.
Notes: a10 years at $2.50/month. This table presents comparisons of the effectiveness and costs of various forms of arsenic mitigation conducted in Araihazar, Bangladesh.
Source: Jamil, Nadia, Huan Feng, Kazi Ahmed, Imtiaz Choudhury, Prabhat Barnwal, and Alexander van Geen. 2019. “Effectiveness of Different Approaches to Arsenic Mitigation over 18 Years in Araihazar, Bangladesh: Implications for National Policy.” Environmental Science and Technology 53 (10): 5596–604.