| Dimension . | State . | Example . | Key phrases . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A: The discovery is driven by a question, or by a research object | A1: Driven by question | 2006 Cloaking Technology 10.1126/science.1126493 | “This study develops a general recipe for the design of media that create perfect invisibility within the accuracy of geometrical optics” | “It has been a long-standing question whether […]”; “[…] remains largely unknown”; “We hypothesize that […]”; “We do not understand the working of […]” |
| A0: Driven by research object | 2008 Seeing Exoplanets 10.1126/science.1166585 | “High-contrast observations with the Keck and Gemini telescopes have revealed three planets orbiting the star HR 8799 […].” | “We report the discovery of […]”; “The discovery of […] sheds new light upon […]” | |
| B: The discovery introduces a new question/research object, or contributes to a known question/research object | B1: New | New question 2009 Live Long and Prosper 10.1038/nature08221 | “Inhibition of the TOR signalling pathway by genetic or pharmacological intervention extends lifespan in invertebrates, […]. However, whether inhibition of mTOR signalling can extend life in a mammalian species was unknown.” | “We raise the question whether […]”; “Since we know […] and […], it follows logically to ask […]”, “we hypothesize that […]” |
| New research object 2002 The Tournai Fossil 10.1038/nature.00879 | “Here we report the discovery of six hominid specimens from Chad, central Africa.” | “We report the discovery of […]”; “On [date] we have observed…” | ||
| B0: Known | Known question 2001 Carbon Consensus 10.1126/science.1057320 | “Despite widespread consensus about the existence of a terrestrial carbon sink […], the size, spatial distribution, and cause of the sink remain uncertain (refs).” | “Earlier research has raised the question whether […]”; “It has been a long-standing question whether […]” | |
| Known research object 2006 Tiktaalik Fossil Fish 10.1038/nature04637 | “Here we describe the pectoral appendage of a member of the sister group of tetrapods, Tiktaalik roseae (reported elsewhere, red.), which is morphologically and functionally transitional between a fin and a limb.” | “The discovery of […], by [ref], provides us with new insights into […]” | ||
| C: The question/research object is against, in line with state-of-the-art literature | C1: Against literature | 2000 New Cells for Old 10.1126/science.288.5471.1660 | “The differentiation potential of stem cells in tissues of the adult has been thought to be limited to cell lineages present in the organ from which they were derived. […] We show here that neural stem cells from the adult mouse brain can […] give rise to cells of all germ layers.” | “[…] which is against the theory of […]”, “There are two competing theories, and we present evidence against one in support of the other” |
| C0: In line with literature | 2006 Shrinking Ice 10.1029/2006GL026369 | “We estimate mass trends over Antarctica using gravity variations […], similar to a recent estimate of ice mass loss from satellite altimetry and remote sensing data.” | “[…] which confirms the theory of […]”; “[…] so that we can extend the model introduced by […]” | |
| Dimension . | State . | Example . | Key phrases . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A: The discovery is driven by a question, or by a research object | A1: Driven by question | 2006 Cloaking Technology 10.1126/science.1126493 | “This study develops a general recipe for the design of media that create perfect invisibility within the accuracy of geometrical optics” | “It has been a long-standing question whether […]”; “[…] remains largely unknown”; “We hypothesize that […]”; “We do not understand the working of […]” |
| A0: Driven by research object | 2008 Seeing Exoplanets 10.1126/science.1166585 | “High-contrast observations with the Keck and Gemini telescopes have revealed three planets orbiting the star HR 8799 […].” | “We report the discovery of […]”; “The discovery of […] sheds new light upon […]” | |
| B: The discovery introduces a new question/research object, or contributes to a known question/research object | B1: New | New question 2009 Live Long and Prosper 10.1038/nature08221 | “Inhibition of the TOR signalling pathway by genetic or pharmacological intervention extends lifespan in invertebrates, […]. However, whether inhibition of mTOR signalling can extend life in a mammalian species was unknown.” | “We raise the question whether […]”; “Since we know […] and […], it follows logically to ask […]”, “we hypothesize that […]” |
| New research object 2002 The Tournai Fossil 10.1038/nature.00879 | “Here we report the discovery of six hominid specimens from Chad, central Africa.” | “We report the discovery of […]”; “On [date] we have observed…” | ||
| B0: Known | Known question 2001 Carbon Consensus 10.1126/science.1057320 | “Despite widespread consensus about the existence of a terrestrial carbon sink […], the size, spatial distribution, and cause of the sink remain uncertain (refs).” | “Earlier research has raised the question whether […]”; “It has been a long-standing question whether […]” | |
| Known research object 2006 Tiktaalik Fossil Fish 10.1038/nature04637 | “Here we describe the pectoral appendage of a member of the sister group of tetrapods, Tiktaalik roseae (reported elsewhere, red.), which is morphologically and functionally transitional between a fin and a limb.” | “The discovery of […], by [ref], provides us with new insights into […]” | ||
| C: The question/research object is against, in line with state-of-the-art literature | C1: Against literature | 2000 New Cells for Old 10.1126/science.288.5471.1660 | “The differentiation potential of stem cells in tissues of the adult has been thought to be limited to cell lineages present in the organ from which they were derived. […] We show here that neural stem cells from the adult mouse brain can […] give rise to cells of all germ layers.” | “[…] which is against the theory of […]”, “There are two competing theories, and we present evidence against one in support of the other” |
| C0: In line with literature | 2006 Shrinking Ice 10.1029/2006GL026369 | “We estimate mass trends over Antarctica using gravity variations […], similar to a recent estimate of ice mass loss from satellite altimetry and remote sensing data.” | “[…] which confirms the theory of […]”; “[…] so that we can extend the model introduced by […]” | |