MIT Press

Table 4.

Regression results from the APC OA hurdle models for Engineering, Family, Consumer, and Human Sciences, Health Professions Sciences, and Humanities, showing the count data component (APC OA articles > 0) and the zero count component (APC OA articles = 0)

	Engineering				Fam., Cons., & Hum. Sci.				Health Professions Sci.				Humanities
	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.
	Positive Count Component				Positive Count Component				Positive Count Component				Positive Count Component
Gender is Male	−0.005		0.995	0.021	0.073	*	1.076	0.035	0.277	***	1.320	0.023	0.085		1.088	0.078
Institution is Public	−0.091	***	0.913	0.019	−0.081		0.922	0.046	−0.077	**	0.925	0.026	−0.086		0.918	0.083
Institution is AAU Member	0.086	***	1.090	0.017	0.085	*	1.088	0.036	0.212	***	1.236	0.024	−0.088		0.916	0.081
Years Since Degree	−0.004	***	0.996	0.001	0.003		1.003	0.002	−0.004	**	0.996	0.001	0.011	*	1.012	0.005
Professorial Rank	0.023		1.023	0.015	−0.073	*	0.929	0.032	0.019		1.019	0.020	−0.133		0.875	0.071
Has Won Research Grants	0.237	***	1.267	0.017	0.367	***	1.443	0.040	0.173	***	1.189	0.024	0.372	**	1.451	0.121
Total Article Count	0.029	***	1.030	0.000	0.033	***	1.034	0.001	0.030	***	1.031	0.001	0.148	***	1.160	0.011
Log(θ)	0.546	***	1.727	0.027	0.102		1.108	0.061	0.404	***	1.497	0.035	−2.951	**	0.052	1.010
Constant	0.396	***	1.486	0.036	0.060		1.061	0.074	0.364	***	1.439	0.044	−3.872	***	0.021	1.006
	Zero Hurdle Component				Zero Hurdle Component				Zero Hurdle Component				Zero Hurdle Component
Gender is Male	−0.149	**	0.862	0.046	−0.089		0.915	0.047	0.603	***	1.827	0.050	−0.018		0.982	0.040
Institution is Public	−0.079		0.924	0.042	0.061		1.063	0.062	0.206	***	1.228	0.057	0.002		1.002	0.043
Institution is AAU Member	−0.086	*	0.917	0.036	0.220	***	1.246	0.048	0.336	***	1.399	0.051	0.228	***	1.256	0.040
Years Since Degree	−0.008	***	0.992	0.002	−0.005		0.995	0.003	0.000		1.000	0.003	−0.017	***	0.983	0.002
Professorial Rank	−0.090	**	0.914	0.032	−0.049		0.952	0.041	−0.034		0.967	0.040	0.099	**	1.104	0.037
Has Won Research Grants	0.469	***	1.598	0.039	0.500	***	1.649	0.081	0.395	***	1.484	0.067	0.464	***	1.591	0.077
Total Article Count	0.164	***	1.178	0.003	0.176	***	1.193	0.004	0.179	***	1.195	0.004	0.243	***	1.276	0.005
Constant	−0.715	***	0.489	0.071	−2.007	***	0.134	0.088	−1.880	***	0.153	0.079	−2.957	***	0.052	0.076
Observations	22,658				13,609				13,098				34,159
Log-likelihood	−42,670				−15,330				−24,050				−12,790

	Engineering				Fam., Cons., & Hum. Sci.				Health Professions Sci.				Humanities
	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.	β	Sig.	e^β	Std. Err.
	Positive Count Component				Positive Count Component				Positive Count Component				Positive Count Component
Gender is Male	−0.005		0.995	0.021	0.073	*	1.076	0.035	0.277	***	1.320	0.023	0.085		1.088	0.078
Institution is Public	−0.091	***	0.913	0.019	−0.081		0.922	0.046	−0.077	**	0.925	0.026	−0.086		0.918	0.083
Institution is AAU Member	0.086	***	1.090	0.017	0.085	*	1.088	0.036	0.212	***	1.236	0.024	−0.088		0.916	0.081
Years Since Degree	−0.004	***	0.996	0.001	0.003		1.003	0.002	−0.004	**	0.996	0.001	0.011	*	1.012	0.005
Professorial Rank	0.023		1.023	0.015	−0.073	*	0.929	0.032	0.019		1.019	0.020	−0.133		0.875	0.071
Has Won Research Grants	0.237	***	1.267	0.017	0.367	***	1.443	0.040	0.173	***	1.189	0.024	0.372	**	1.451	0.121
Total Article Count	0.029	***	1.030	0.000	0.033	***	1.034	0.001	0.030	***	1.031	0.001	0.148	***	1.160	0.011
Log(θ)	0.546	***	1.727	0.027	0.102		1.108	0.061	0.404	***	1.497	0.035	−2.951	**	0.052	1.010
Constant	0.396	***	1.486	0.036	0.060		1.061	0.074	0.364	***	1.439	0.044	−3.872	***	0.021	1.006
	Zero Hurdle Component				Zero Hurdle Component				Zero Hurdle Component				Zero Hurdle Component
Gender is Male	−0.149	**	0.862	0.046	−0.089		0.915	0.047	0.603	***	1.827	0.050	−0.018		0.982	0.040
Institution is Public	−0.079		0.924	0.042	0.061		1.063	0.062	0.206	***	1.228	0.057	0.002		1.002	0.043
Institution is AAU Member	−0.086	*	0.917	0.036	0.220	***	1.246	0.048	0.336	***	1.399	0.051	0.228	***	1.256	0.040
Years Since Degree	−0.008	***	0.992	0.002	−0.005		0.995	0.003	0.000		1.000	0.003	−0.017	***	0.983	0.002
Professorial Rank	−0.090	**	0.914	0.032	−0.049		0.952	0.041	−0.034		0.967	0.040	0.099	**	1.104	0.037
Has Won Research Grants	0.469	***	1.598	0.039	0.500	***	1.649	0.081	0.395	***	1.484	0.067	0.464	***	1.591	0.077
Total Article Count	0.164	***	1.178	0.003	0.176	***	1.193	0.004	0.179	***	1.195	0.004	0.243	***	1.276	0.005
Constant	−0.715	***	0.489	0.071	−2.007	***	0.134	0.088	−1.880	***	0.153	0.079	−2.957	***	0.052	0.076
Observations	22,658				13,609				13,098				34,159
Log-likelihood	−42,670				−15,330				−24,050				−12,790

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

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