The results are reported in table 9. In line with prediction 3 of our model, the coefficient for the linear interaction term is positive and significant, while the coefficient for the square term is negative and significant. The test at the bottom of the table indicates that Senate3$it$ and the two interaction terms are jointly significant at 1%.

Table 9.
The Impact of Election Proximity on Republicans Voting on Environmental Regulations, by Size of the Green Minority
Vote$ijvt$
Dependent Variable(1)(2)(3)
Senate3$it$ −0.061* −0.060* −0.065**
(0.030) (0.031) (0.032)
Senate3$it$$×$ Membership in Green Organizations$j$ 0.158** 0.156** 0.171**
(0.062) (0.064) (0.065)
Senate3$it$$×$ Membership in Green Organizations$j2$ −0.060** −0.059** −0.067**
(0.025) (0.027) (0.027)
State controls no yes yes
Year dummies yes yes no
State dummies yes yes yes
Vote dummies no no yes
Observations 16,855 16,855 16,855
$R2$ 0.260 0.262 0.396
Joint test for Senate3$it$ and interactions ($p$-value) 0.013 0.016 0.013
Vote$ijvt$
Dependent Variable(1)(2)(3)
Senate3$it$ −0.061* −0.060* −0.065**
(0.030) (0.031) (0.032)
Senate3$it$$×$ Membership in Green Organizations$j$ 0.158** 0.156** 0.171**
(0.062) (0.064) (0.065)
Senate3$it$$×$ Membership in Green Organizations$j2$ −0.060** −0.059** −0.067**
(0.025) (0.027) (0.027)
State controls no yes yes
Year dummies yes yes no
State dummies yes yes yes
Vote dummies no no yes
Observations 16,855 16,855 16,855
$R2$ 0.260 0.262 0.396
Joint test for Senate3$it$ and interactions ($p$-value) 0.013 0.016 0.013

The table reports coefficients of a linear probability model. Robust standard errors in parentheses, adjusted for clustering at the state level. The dependent variable Vote$ijvt$ is coded as 1 when senator $i$ from state $j$ voted pro-environment on vote $v$ in year $t$. All specifications include senator controls. The sample covers the period 1971–2012. The last row reports the $p$-value of the test. ***, ** and * indicate statistical significance at 1%, 5%, and 10%.

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