| . | Pooled Year 1 . | Cohort 1 Follow-Up Year . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Control Mean . | Treatment — Control Difference (SE) . | N (Students) . | N (Teachers) . | Control Mean . | Treatment — Control Difference (SE) . | N (Students) . | N (Teachers) . |
| Average of all items | −0.004 | 0.020 | 12,862 | 389 | 0.008 | 0.035 | 3,696 | 113 |
| (0.030) | (0.042) | |||||||
| Classroom management | −0.025 | 0.037 | 12,860 | 389 | 0.050 | 0.076 | 3,695 | 113 |
| construct | (0.034) | (0.046) | ||||||
| . | Pooled Year 1 . | Cohort 1 Follow-Up Year . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Control Mean . | Treatment — Control Difference (SE) . | N (Students) . | N (Teachers) . | Control Mean . | Treatment — Control Difference (SE) . | N (Students) . | N (Teachers) . |
| Average of all items | −0.004 | 0.020 | 12,862 | 389 | 0.008 | 0.035 | 3,696 | 113 |
| (0.030) | (0.042) | |||||||
| Classroom management | −0.025 | 0.037 | 12,860 | 389 | 0.050 | 0.076 | 3,695 | 113 |
| construct | (0.034) | (0.046) | ||||||
Notes: The adjusted difference between control and treatment is the result of a regression of the dependent variable against fixed effects for randomization strata, a treatment indicator, and an indicator for whether the school is an elementary or middle school. Standard errors (SE) are reported in parentheses and allow for clustering within school. Results are similar when controlled for observable student background characteristics; however, the sample size is reduced by roughly one third due to challenge merging student identifiers from survey rosters to those in administrative data.