MIT Press

Table 1.

Aggregate Analysis: The Effects of Social Capital on Innovation (Cross-economy panel, linear estimation model)

	Global Sample (excluding East Asia)				East Asia
	(log) Patent		Global Innovation Index		(log) Patent
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Social trust	0.052	0.021	0.215	0.178	0.029	−0.031
	(0.010)^***	(0.011)^*	(0.051)^***	(0.056)^***	(0.031)	(0.013)^*
Social networks		−0.068		−0.249		0.164
		(0.023)^***		(0.212)		(0.025)^***
Institutional trust		−0.003		0.055		0.157
		(0.007)		(0.046)		(0.023)^***
Growth primacy		−0.005		−0.038		0.090
		(0.009)		(0.086)		(0.013)^***
Tolerance		0.002		0.059		0.054
		(0.005)		(0.042)		(0.007)^***
(log) GDP per	2.091	0.786	6.098	5.776	2.433	3.766
capita	(0.541)^***	(0.379)^**	(0.631)^***	(0.663)^***	(0.288)^***	(0.253)^***
(log) Population	3.668	2.579	0.836	0.740	5.959	3.901
	(1.039)^***	(0.942)^***	(0.511)	(0.538)	(2.917)	(1.172)^**
Economywide	Fixed	Fixed	Random	Random	Fixed	Fixed
fixed effects	effect	effect	effect	effect	effect	effect
Time effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Period	2005–2014		2014–2017		2005–2014
Observations	897	401	264	254	91	40
Number of	83	78	54	52	6	6
economies
R² (within)	0.45	0.20	0.35	0.35	0.97	0.98

	Global Sample (excluding East Asia)				East Asia
	(log) Patent		Global Innovation Index		(log) Patent
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Social trust	0.052	0.021	0.215	0.178	0.029	−0.031
	(0.010)^***	(0.011)^*	(0.051)^***	(0.056)^***	(0.031)	(0.013)^*
Social networks		−0.068		−0.249		0.164
		(0.023)^***		(0.212)		(0.025)^***
Institutional trust		−0.003		0.055		0.157
		(0.007)		(0.046)		(0.023)^***
Growth primacy		−0.005		−0.038		0.090
		(0.009)		(0.086)		(0.013)^***
Tolerance		0.002		0.059		0.054
		(0.005)		(0.042)		(0.007)^***
(log) GDP per	2.091	0.786	6.098	5.776	2.433	3.766
capita	(0.541)^***	(0.379)^**	(0.631)^***	(0.663)^***	(0.288)^***	(0.253)^***
(log) Population	3.668	2.579	0.836	0.740	5.959	3.901
	(1.039)^***	(0.942)^***	(0.511)	(0.538)	(2.917)	(1.172)^**
Economywide	Fixed	Fixed	Random	Random	Fixed	Fixed
fixed effects	effect	effect	effect	effect	effect	effect
Time effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Period	2005–2014		2014–2017		2005–2014
Observations	897	401	264	254	91	40
Number of	83	78	54	52	6	6
economies
R² (within)	0.45	0.20	0.35	0.35	0.97	0.98

GDP = gross domestic product.

Notes: Numbers in parentheses are robust standard errors clustered at the economy level. ^*p < .10, ^**p < .05, ^***p < .001.

Source: Author’s estimates.