Table 10 shows the budget shares for each category of goods and services using both the standardized and national consumption aggregates. Maldivian households only spend 37% of consumption expenditures on food, on average, and 53% on nonfood nondurables.17 Households in the remaining countries spend between 44% and 59% of their consumption expenditures on food and somewhere between 18% and 29% on nonfood nondurables. Except for India, all South Asian countries spend around 10% of their consumption expenditures on health, education, and durable goods combined, with India spending at a slightly higher rate of 12%. Housing, which includes rent, imputed rent (if included in the national consumption aggregate), and expenditures on utilities range widely from a low of 6% in Nepal to a high of 33% in Maldives.
Budget Shares by Category of Goods and Services (%)
. | Bangladesh . | . | India . | . | . | . | . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | All . | Rural . | Urban . | Bhutan . | All . | Rural . | Urban . | Maldives . | Nepal . | Pakistan . | Sri Lanka . |
. | 2010 . | 2010 . | 2010 . | 2012 . | 2011–2012 . | . | . | 2009 . | 2010 . | 2011–2012 . | 2012–2013 . |
National consumption expenditure | |||||||||||
Food | 58 | 61 | 53 | 45 | 51 | 54 | 46 | 37 | 57 | 52 | 45 |
Nonfood nondurables | 19 | 19 | 20 | 28 | 25 | 24 | 27 | 53 | 27 | 21 | 25 |
Health | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
Education | 5 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
Durable goods | 1 | 1 | 1 | <1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
Housing | 14 | 13 | 18 | 19 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 33 | 6 | 21 | 22 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Standardized consumption aggregate | |||||||||||
Food | 57 | 59 | 52 | 44 | 46 | 51 | 34 | 29 | 53 | 48 | 50 |
Nonfood nondurables | 20 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 20 | 23 | 24 |
Health | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 5 |
Education | 6 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Durable goods | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 3 |
Housing | 14 | 13 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 29 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 18 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
. | Bangladesh . | . | India . | . | . | . | . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | All . | Rural . | Urban . | Bhutan . | All . | Rural . | Urban . | Maldives . | Nepal . | Pakistan . | Sri Lanka . |
. | 2010 . | 2010 . | 2010 . | 2012 . | 2011–2012 . | . | . | 2009 . | 2010 . | 2011–2012 . | 2012–2013 . |
National consumption expenditure | |||||||||||
Food | 58 | 61 | 53 | 45 | 51 | 54 | 46 | 37 | 57 | 52 | 45 |
Nonfood nondurables | 19 | 19 | 20 | 28 | 25 | 24 | 27 | 53 | 27 | 21 | 25 |
Health | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
Education | 5 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
Durable goods | 1 | 1 | 1 | <1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
Housing | 14 | 13 | 18 | 19 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 33 | 6 | 21 | 22 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Standardized consumption aggregate | |||||||||||
Food | 57 | 59 | 52 | 44 | 46 | 51 | 34 | 29 | 53 | 48 | 50 |
Nonfood nondurables | 20 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 20 | 23 | 24 |
Health | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 5 |
Education | 6 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Durable goods | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 3 |
Housing | 14 | 13 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 29 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 18 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Notes: India's consumption aggregates reported are based on the Uniform Recall Period.
Source: Authors’ estimates based on South Asia Harmonized Micro Dataset (accessed September 15, 2017).