Table 3. 
Participants: Data items extracted for characterization and appraisal
Data item
What language did the participants speak? 
What were the inclusion criteria for the individuals with aphasia? (e.g., lesion location and/or extent; aphasia type and/or severity; preserved functions necessary for task performance) 
How many individuals with aphasia participated? Were any excluded, and if so, for what reason? How many controls participated? 
Were any of the participants included in any previous studies? 
Is age reported for patients and controls, and matched? How old were the patients? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available) 
Is sex reported for patients and controls, and matched? How many of the patients were male and how many were female? 
Is handedness reported for patients and controls, and matched? How many of the patients were right-handed, left-handed, or something else? 
Is time post-stroke onset reported and appropriate to the study design? What was the time post-onset? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available) 
To what extent is the nature of the aphasia characterized? (comprehensive battery of scores/severity and type/severity/type/not at all) 
10 How was language function evaluated? 
11 What was the patients’ aphasia severity? 
12 What was the patients’ aphasia type? 
13 Did patients have only a single stroke? (yes/no/not stated) 
14 What was the etiology of the strokes? (ischemic/hemorrhagic/mixed/not stated) 
15 To what extent is the lesion distribution characterized? (individual lesions shown/lesion overlay shown/extent and location/extent/location/not at all) 
16 How large were the patients’ lesions? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available) 
17 Where were the patients’ lesions? 
Data item
What language did the participants speak? 
What were the inclusion criteria for the individuals with aphasia? (e.g., lesion location and/or extent; aphasia type and/or severity; preserved functions necessary for task performance) 
How many individuals with aphasia participated? Were any excluded, and if so, for what reason? How many controls participated? 
Were any of the participants included in any previous studies? 
Is age reported for patients and controls, and matched? How old were the patients? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available) 
Is sex reported for patients and controls, and matched? How many of the patients were male and how many were female? 
Is handedness reported for patients and controls, and matched? How many of the patients were right-handed, left-handed, or something else? 
Is time post-stroke onset reported and appropriate to the study design? What was the time post-onset? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available) 
To what extent is the nature of the aphasia characterized? (comprehensive battery of scores/severity and type/severity/type/not at all) 
10 How was language function evaluated? 
11 What was the patients’ aphasia severity? 
12 What was the patients’ aphasia type? 
13 Did patients have only a single stroke? (yes/no/not stated) 
14 What was the etiology of the strokes? (ischemic/hemorrhagic/mixed/not stated) 
15 To what extent is the lesion distribution characterized? (individual lesions shown/lesion overlay shown/extent and location/extent/location/not at all) 
16 How large were the patients’ lesions? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available) 
17 Where were the patients’ lesions? 
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