Before we summarize and integrate the formal analyses of the cross-country comparisons and the in-depth country experiences with COVID-19, we look at some key variables of 23 economies to see if there are obvious patterns. Our sample of 23 economies consists of 10 Eastern Asian economies,8 9 Western European economies,9 Russia, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.10 We begin by using the Global Health Security (GHS) index11 in Table 3; this arranges these 23 economies according to their GHS index rank, and reports the death rate (number of deaths per 100,000 of population) and the estimated GDP growth rate in 2020 for each economy.

Table 3.

Public health preparedness, death rate, and growth in 2020

EconomiesPreparedness ranking in 2019Deaths/100k of population, 28 Feb 2021GDP growth in 2020 (est)
United States 156.49 −3.4 
United Kingdom 184.90 −10.0 
Australia 3.64 −2.9 
Thailand 0.12 −6.6 
Sweden 125.95 −2.8 
Denmark 40.69 −3.3 
South Korea 3.10 −1.0 
Finland 10 13.45 −2.9 
France 11 128.00 −9.0 
Germany 14 84.52 −5.4 
Spain 15 147.98 −11.1 
Norway 16 11.70 −0.8 
Malaysia 18 3.56 −1.1 
Belgium 19 193.06 −6.4 
Japan 21 6.21 −5.1 
Indonesia 30 13.44 −1.9 
New Zealand 35 0.53 −2.2 
Vietnam 50 0.04 2.9 
China 51 0.35 2.3 
Philippines 53 11.52 −9.6 
India 57 11.16 −8.0 
Russia 63 58.37 −3.6 
Taiwan na 0.04 3.0 
EconomiesPreparedness ranking in 2019Deaths/100k of population, 28 Feb 2021GDP growth in 2020 (est)
United States 156.49 −3.4 
United Kingdom 184.90 −10.0 
Australia 3.64 −2.9 
Thailand 0.12 −6.6 
Sweden 125.95 −2.8 
Denmark 40.69 −3.3 
South Korea 3.10 −1.0 
Finland 10 13.45 −2.9 
France 11 128.00 −9.0 
Germany 14 84.52 −5.4 
Spain 15 147.98 −11.1 
Norway 16 11.70 −0.8 
Malaysia 18 3.56 −1.1 
Belgium 19 193.06 −6.4 
Japan 21 6.21 −5.1 
Indonesia 30 13.44 −1.9 
New Zealand 35 0.53 −2.2 
Vietnam 50 0.04 2.9 
China 51 0.35 2.3 
Philippines 53 11.52 −9.6 
India 57 11.16 −8.0 
Russia 63 58.37 −3.6 
Taiwan na 0.04 3.0 

Note:Estimates for 2020 GDP growth: IMF (2021) for Australia, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia, Spain, Thailand, UK and the United States / Kim (2021) for South Korea / Cheng et al. (2021) for Taiwan / Stats NZ (2020) for New Zealand / countryeconomy.com (2021) for remaining.

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