Table 3 displays the results of the survey and confirms that faculty carried out the flipped classroom and standard classroom models as instructed. Consistent with classroom observations, faculty reported using the class time as instructed: on average, instructors reported spending 85 percent of the class time lecturing in the standard classroom, relative to 8 percent of the time in the flipped classroom.
Classroom Characteristics
| . | Full Sample . | Math . | Economics . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Flipped . | Standard . | Flipped . | Standard . | Flipped . | Standard . |
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
| Panel A: Class Time Allocation (in Percent) | ||||||
| Lecturing | 8.0 | 85.0 | 8.8 | 88.2 | 6.3 | 78.1 |
| (11.9) | (16.1) | (12.3) | (15.6) | (11.6) | (16.0) | |
| Students working in group | 76.0 | 5.0 | 73.5 | 1.5 | 81.3 | 12.5 |
| (30.2) | (10.2) | (32.4) | (6.1) | (25.9) | (13.4) | |
| Students working alone | 30.0 | 6.0 | 36.8 | 4.4 | 15.6 | 9.4 |
| (38.9) | (13.1) | (42.5) | (13.2) | (26.5) | (12.9) | |
| Answering individual questions | 42.0 | 6.0 | 44.1 | 5.9 | 37.5 | 6.3 |
| (26.7) | (13.1) | (30.0) | (14.1) | (18.9) | (11.6) | |
| Answering questions for class | 36.0 | 53.0 | 44.1 | 50.0 | 18.8 | 59.4 |
| (22.9) | (34.9) | (18.8) | (33.1) | (22.2) | (39.9) | |
| Review old material | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| (10.2) | (10.9) | (11.7) | (12.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Other/administration | 10.0 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| (12.5) | (12.2) | (12.3) | (11.7) | (13.4) | (13.4) | |
| Panel B: Percent of Student Who Do the Following at Least Once during Class Time | ||||||
| Work in group | 76.0 | 11.0 | 77.9 | 11.8 | 71.9 | 9.4 |
| (25.5) | (24.0) | (24.8) | (26.7) | (28.1) | (18.6) | |
| Work alone | 23.0 | 18.0 | 25.0 | 11.8 | 18.8 | 31.3 |
| (27.9) | (30.2) | (28.0) | (26.7) | (29.1) | (34.7) | |
| Asking questions | 56.0 | 45.0 | 57.4 | 41.2 | 53.1 | 53.1 |
| (19.5) | (20.4) | (21.2) | (19.6) | (16.0) | (20.9) | |
| Answering questions | 48.0 | 45.0 | 44.1 | 39.7 | 56.3 | 56.3 |
| (24.9) | (19.1) | (24.3) | (19.9) | (25.9) | (11.6) | |
| Taking notes | 47.0 | 75.0 | 35.3 | 73.5 | 71.9 | 78.1 |
| (28.2) | (21.7) | (21.8) | (22.5) | (24.8) | (20.9) | |
| Paying attention | 74.0 | 65.0 | 77.9 | 61.8 | 65.6 | 71.9 |
| (18.4) | (17.7) | (15.0) | (17.9) | (22.9) | (16.0) | |
| N | 25.0 | 25.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| . | Full Sample . | Math . | Economics . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Flipped . | Standard . | Flipped . | Standard . | Flipped . | Standard . |
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
| Panel A: Class Time Allocation (in Percent) | ||||||
| Lecturing | 8.0 | 85.0 | 8.8 | 88.2 | 6.3 | 78.1 |
| (11.9) | (16.1) | (12.3) | (15.6) | (11.6) | (16.0) | |
| Students working in group | 76.0 | 5.0 | 73.5 | 1.5 | 81.3 | 12.5 |
| (30.2) | (10.2) | (32.4) | (6.1) | (25.9) | (13.4) | |
| Students working alone | 30.0 | 6.0 | 36.8 | 4.4 | 15.6 | 9.4 |
| (38.9) | (13.1) | (42.5) | (13.2) | (26.5) | (12.9) | |
| Answering individual questions | 42.0 | 6.0 | 44.1 | 5.9 | 37.5 | 6.3 |
| (26.7) | (13.1) | (30.0) | (14.1) | (18.9) | (11.6) | |
| Answering questions for class | 36.0 | 53.0 | 44.1 | 50.0 | 18.8 | 59.4 |
| (22.9) | (34.9) | (18.8) | (33.1) | (22.2) | (39.9) | |
| Review old material | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| (10.2) | (10.9) | (11.7) | (12.3) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Other/administration | 10.0 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| (12.5) | (12.2) | (12.3) | (11.7) | (13.4) | (13.4) | |
| Panel B: Percent of Student Who Do the Following at Least Once during Class Time | ||||||
| Work in group | 76.0 | 11.0 | 77.9 | 11.8 | 71.9 | 9.4 |
| (25.5) | (24.0) | (24.8) | (26.7) | (28.1) | (18.6) | |
| Work alone | 23.0 | 18.0 | 25.0 | 11.8 | 18.8 | 31.3 |
| (27.9) | (30.2) | (28.0) | (26.7) | (29.1) | (34.7) | |
| Asking questions | 56.0 | 45.0 | 57.4 | 41.2 | 53.1 | 53.1 |
| (19.5) | (20.4) | (21.2) | (19.6) | (16.0) | (20.9) | |
| Answering questions | 48.0 | 45.0 | 44.1 | 39.7 | 56.3 | 56.3 |
| (24.9) | (19.1) | (24.3) | (19.9) | (25.9) | (11.6) | |
| Taking notes | 47.0 | 75.0 | 35.3 | 73.5 | 71.9 | 78.1 |
| (28.2) | (21.7) | (21.8) | (22.5) | (24.8) | (20.9) | |
| Paying attention | 74.0 | 65.0 | 77.9 | 61.8 | 65.6 | 71.9 |
| (18.4) | (17.7) | (15.0) | (17.9) | (22.9) | (16.0) | |
| N | 25.0 | 25.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
Notes: This table describes the flipped and standard classrooms using data from a post-study instructor survey. Panel A displays the average percent of time instructors reported spending on different activities. Items did not need to add up to 100 percent because some activities could happen simultaneously (e.g., answering individual questions and having students work in a group). Panel B shows the percent of time the instructor observed students doing an activity in class. Standard deviations are reported in parentheses.