| . | Favor Insurgent (White Supremacists) . | Favor Counterinsurgent (Federal Government) . |
|---|---|---|
| Structural Factors | economic and governance problems in the
South weapons and organizational endowments from the pre-Reconstruction era | proscription hinders white political
mobilization decisive military victory in the Civil War rapid Black mobilization strong political will and casualty tolerance |
| Federal-Level Policy Factors | President Andrew Johnson's open racism and
hostility to Black rights lack of clear, shared goals and priorities among leading civilian and military figures insufficient troops weak mandate for the use of force (with the exception of the Enforcement Acts) weak civilian capacity lack of long-term planning lack of conditionality for withdrawal | President Ulysses S. Grant's strong support for Reconstruction, the important role of congressional leaders, and support for Black rights by many U.S. military commanders |
| Local Policy Factors | failure to install governments perceived as
legitimate insufficient local collaborators to assist federal forces |
| . | Favor Insurgent (White Supremacists) . | Favor Counterinsurgent (Federal Government) . |
|---|---|---|
| Structural Factors | economic and governance problems in the
South weapons and organizational endowments from the pre-Reconstruction era | proscription hinders white political
mobilization decisive military victory in the Civil War rapid Black mobilization strong political will and casualty tolerance |
| Federal-Level Policy Factors | President Andrew Johnson's open racism and
hostility to Black rights lack of clear, shared goals and priorities among leading civilian and military figures insufficient troops weak mandate for the use of force (with the exception of the Enforcement Acts) weak civilian capacity lack of long-term planning lack of conditionality for withdrawal | President Ulysses S. Grant's strong support for Reconstruction, the important role of congressional leaders, and support for Black rights by many U.S. military commanders |
| Local Policy Factors | failure to install governments perceived as
legitimate insufficient local collaborators to assist federal forces |