The experimental results are presented in Table 2; each column, apart from the first, corresponds to one dataset. The first row lists the names of the datasets, whereas the first column lists the names of the image descriptors. To measure whether the achieved results by MGPD$9,5ri$ are significantly different from those of the other methods, the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test (Demšar, 2006; Derrac et al., 2011) is used with a 95% significance interval. The symbols $+$ or $-$ are used in Table 2 to indicate that MGPD$9,5ri$ has significantly better or significantly worse performance, respectively, than that of the corresponding method. Furthermore, the $=$ symbol is used to indicate that the difference in performance between MGPD$9,5ri$ and the corresponding method is not significant.

Table 2:

Average accuracy (%) of 1-NN using eight image descriptors on the seven texture images datasets ($x¯±s$).

BrNoRoBrWiRoOutexTC00OutexTC10KySinHwKyNoRoKyWiRo
LBP$8,1u2$ 83.99 $±$ 1.95 $+$ 42.29 $±$ 1.66 $+$ 87.88 $±$ 1.23 $=$ 34.45 $±$ 1.79 $+$ 54.82 $±$ 2.18 $+$ 75.45 $±$ 1.96 $+$ 42.61 $±$ 1.84 $+$
LBP$24,3u2ri$ 68.49 $±$ 3.18 $+$ 67.63 $±$ 2.62 $+$ 69.50 $±$ 2.88 $+$ 64.50 $±$ 1.05 $+$ 81.76 $±$ 1.46 $+$ 67.41 $±$ 2.94 $+$ 69.46 $±$ 3.33 $+$
CLBP$24,3$ 82.37 $±$ 4.88 $+$ 85.78 $±$ 2.70 $+$ 81.00 $±$ 2.95 $+$ 86.10 $±$ 2.39 $=$ 97.31$±$0.73$-$ 90.56$±$1.16$=$ 88.97 $±$ 2.82 $=$
LBC$24,3$ 66.26 $±$ 2.80 $+$ 64.49 $±$ 2.95 $+$ 68.25 $±$ 3.81 $+$ 60.50 $±$ 1.82 $+$ 80.72 $±$ 1.51 $+$ 66.09 $±$ 2.76 $+$ 68.26 $±$ 3.59 $+$
CLBC$24,3$ 63.62 $±$ 2.52 $+$ 70.84 $±$ 3.19 $+$ 72.79 $±$ 2.87 $+$ 75.53 $±$ 2.24 $+$ 89.03 $±$ 1.86 $+$ 76.67 $±$ 4.05 $+$ 76.58 $±$ 3.77 $+$
DRLBP$8,1$ 83.17 $±$ 2.49 $+$ 69.65 $±$ 2.41 $+$ 84.96 $±$ 1.79 $+$ 63.97 $±$ 2.57 $+$ 85.30 $±$ 2.32 $+$ 86.26 $±$ 1.14 $+$ 74.05 $±$ 2.07 $+$
GP-criptor$ri$ 90.92 $±$ 1.94 $+$ 92.49 $±$ 1.14 $=$ 87.68 $±$ 1.87 $=$ 86.82 $±$ 1.93 $=$ 94.06 $±$ 1.63 $+$ 86.66 $±$ 1.79 $+$ 88.51 $±$ 1.39 $+$
MGPD$9,5ri$ 93.00$±$1.82 92.94$±$1.73 89.75$±$3.12 87.82$±$2.73 95.88 $±$ 1.23 90.53 $±$ 2.09 90.91$±$1.51
BrNoRoBrWiRoOutexTC00OutexTC10KySinHwKyNoRoKyWiRo
LBP$8,1u2$ 83.99 $±$ 1.95 $+$ 42.29 $±$ 1.66 $+$ 87.88 $±$ 1.23 $=$ 34.45 $±$ 1.79 $+$ 54.82 $±$ 2.18 $+$ 75.45 $±$ 1.96 $+$ 42.61 $±$ 1.84 $+$
LBP$24,3u2ri$ 68.49 $±$ 3.18 $+$ 67.63 $±$ 2.62 $+$ 69.50 $±$ 2.88 $+$ 64.50 $±$ 1.05 $+$ 81.76 $±$ 1.46 $+$ 67.41 $±$ 2.94 $+$ 69.46 $±$ 3.33 $+$
CLBP$24,3$ 82.37 $±$ 4.88 $+$ 85.78 $±$ 2.70 $+$ 81.00 $±$ 2.95 $+$ 86.10 $±$ 2.39 $=$ 97.31$±$0.73$-$ 90.56$±$1.16$=$ 88.97 $±$ 2.82 $=$
LBC$24,3$ 66.26 $±$ 2.80 $+$ 64.49 $±$ 2.95 $+$ 68.25 $±$ 3.81 $+$ 60.50 $±$ 1.82 $+$ 80.72 $±$ 1.51 $+$ 66.09 $±$ 2.76 $+$ 68.26 $±$ 3.59 $+$
CLBC$24,3$ 63.62 $±$ 2.52 $+$ 70.84 $±$ 3.19 $+$ 72.79 $±$ 2.87 $+$ 75.53 $±$ 2.24 $+$ 89.03 $±$ 1.86 $+$ 76.67 $±$ 4.05 $+$ 76.58 $±$ 3.77 $+$
DRLBP$8,1$ 83.17 $±$ 2.49 $+$ 69.65 $±$ 2.41 $+$ 84.96 $±$ 1.79 $+$ 63.97 $±$ 2.57 $+$ 85.30 $±$ 2.32 $+$ 86.26 $±$ 1.14 $+$ 74.05 $±$ 2.07 $+$
GP-criptor$ri$ 90.92 $±$ 1.94 $+$ 92.49 $±$ 1.14 $=$ 87.68 $±$ 1.87 $=$ 86.82 $±$ 1.93 $=$ 94.06 $±$ 1.63 $+$ 86.66 $±$ 1.79 $+$ 88.51 $±$ 1.39 $+$
MGPD$9,5ri$ 93.00$±$1.82 92.94$±$1.73 89.75$±$3.12 87.82$±$2.73 95.88 $±$ 1.23 90.53 $±$ 2.09 90.91$±$1.51

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