Participant demographic and neuropsychological testing scores
Demographic information | |
N | 91 |
Age (years) | 47.40 (20–75, 17.45) |
Gender (M/F) | 37/54 |
Education (years) | 16.9 (12–25, 2.5) |
Cognitive assessments–age correlation | |
Education | 0.24* |
MMSE | −0.19 |
Depression (GDS) | −0.13 |
Speed RT (choice) | 0.56*** |
WAIS-III digit symbol RT | 0.69*** |
WAIS-III digit span forward | −0.20 |
WAIS-III digit span backward | −0.26* |
Stroop effect | 0.33*** |
Verbal working memory | −0.40*** |
CVLT immediate recall | −0.27* |
CVLT delayed recall | −0.26* |
Category fluency (animals) | −0.30** |
Phonemic fluency (F, A, S) | −0.11 |
WAIS-III vocabulary | 0.07 |
Author recognition task | 0.47*** |
Demographic information | |
N | 91 |
Age (years) | 47.40 (20–75, 17.45) |
Gender (M/F) | 37/54 |
Education (years) | 16.9 (12–25, 2.5) |
Cognitive assessments–age correlation | |
Education | 0.24* |
MMSE | −0.19 |
Depression (GDS) | −0.13 |
Speed RT (choice) | 0.56*** |
WAIS-III digit symbol RT | 0.69*** |
WAIS-III digit span forward | −0.20 |
WAIS-III digit span backward | −0.26* |
Stroop effect | 0.33*** |
Verbal working memory | −0.40*** |
CVLT immediate recall | −0.27* |
CVLT delayed recall | −0.26* |
Category fluency (animals) | −0.30** |
Phonemic fluency (F, A, S) | −0.11 |
WAIS-III vocabulary | 0.07 |
Author recognition task | 0.47*** |
Note. The color Stroop task was used; the Stroop effect was the difference in reaction times (RT) between word-font incongruent minus word-font congruent trials. The author recognition task (Acheson et al., 2008) uses author name recognition to assess reading habits, which may be less biased compared to self-report. Demographic information for age and education is the mean, with range and standard deviation in parentheses. MMSE = Mini-Mental State Exam (Folstein et al., 1975); GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale (Guerin et al., 2018; Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986); WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1997); CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test (Delis et al., 1987). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.