Our data come from rich administrative records on the universe of Norwegian residents. We restrict our sample to individuals who graduated from high school between 2006 and 2014 (born between 1988 and 1996). We start with 2006, because the current high school structure was introduced in that year. We stop with 2014, because that is the final year for which we have education data. The GP system was introduced in 2001, so we have information on all exogenous swaps starting in 2002, when the youngest individuals in our sample (born in 1996) were 6 years old. Because high school applications are submitted when individuals are 15 years old, swaps after age 15 should not affect the outcomes we examine. As such, our main analysis exploits variation in GP-patient gender match among individuals born between 1988 and 1996 who experienced an exogenous GP swap in 2002 or later and are between ages 6 and 15. Panel A of table 1 shows demographic information for these individuals. Only those who attended high school are included in the data. Since the probability of attending high school differs between men and women (24,500 males completed high school in 2016 compared to 31,600 females), our female sample is larger than our male sample.¹²