Fixed Effects as Odds Ratios From the Final Model [looking proportion ∼ language group * time bin * trial number + (1 | participant)] for the Test Phase of All Studies
| Predictors . | Interpretation . | Study 1 . | Study 2a . | Study 2b . | Study 2c . | Study 3 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | ||
| [Intercept] | The reference odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin during Trial 2 | 0.01 [0.00–0.03]*** | 0.04 [0.02–0.11]*** | 0.06 [0.04–0.11]*** | 0.19 [0.10–0.34]*** | 0.49 [0.32–0.76]** |
| language [bilingual] | The relative odds [compared to monolinguals] of bilinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin during Trial 2 | 2.02 [0.23–17.42] ns | 1.59 [0.43–5.86] ns | 0.74 [0.31–1.78] ns | 0.31 [0.12–0.78]* | 2.53 [1.33–4.81]** |
| time bin | The change in odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating during Trial 2 for each unit change in time bin | 1.26 [1.11–1.42]*** | 0.81 [0.77–0.86]*** | 1.65 [1.55–1.75]*** | 2.47 [2.34–2.60]*** | 1.67 [1.54–1.80]*** |
| trial number | The change in odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin for each unit change in trial number | 1.05 [1.00–1.10]* | 0.94 [0.92–0.96]*** | 1.12 [1.10–1.13]*** | 1.09 [1.08–1.11]*** | 0.98 [0.95–1.01] ns |
| language [bilingual] * time bin | The relative change in odds of bilinguals correctly anticipating during Trial 2 with each unit change in time bin | 2.47 [2.05–2.98]*** | 1.93 [1.78–2.09]*** | 1.28 [1.15–1.43]*** | 0.61 [0.56–0.67]*** | 1.09 [0.98–1.22] ns |
| language [bilingual] * trial number | The relative change in odds of bilinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin with each unit change in trial number | 1.12 [1.05–1.19]*** | 1.32 [1.28–1.36]*** | 1.14 [1.11–1.17]*** | 1.07 [1.05–1.09]*** | 0.88 [0.85–0.92]*** |
| time bin * trial number | The change in odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating with each unit change in both time bin and trial number together [difference in odds between earlier time bins in earlier trials and later time bins in later trials] | 1.05 [1.02–1.09]*** | 1.12 [1.11–1.14]*** | 0.99 [0.98–1.00]** | 0.95 [0.94–0.95]*** | 1.04 [1.02–1.06]*** |
| [language [bilingual] * time bin] * trial number | The relative change in odds of bilinguals correctly anticipating with each unit change in both time bin and trial number together | 0.95 [0.91–1.00]* | 0.90 [0.89–0.92]*** | 0.99 [0.98–1.01] ns | 1.09 [1.07–1.10]*** | 1.01 [0.98–1.04] ns |
| Random Effects | ||||||
| N | 43id | 53id | 41id | 44id | 41id | |
| Observations | 1383 | 1676 | 1672 | 1846 | 1272 | |
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.108 / 0.807 | 0.095 / 0.666 | 0.139 / 0.451 | 0.161 / 0.510 | 0.202 / 0.393 | |
| Predictors . | Interpretation . | Study 1 . | Study 2a . | Study 2b . | Study 2c . | Study 3 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | Odds Ratios [CI] p . | ||
| [Intercept] | The reference odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin during Trial 2 | 0.01 [0.00–0.03]*** | 0.04 [0.02–0.11]*** | 0.06 [0.04–0.11]*** | 0.19 [0.10–0.34]*** | 0.49 [0.32–0.76]** |
| language [bilingual] | The relative odds [compared to monolinguals] of bilinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin during Trial 2 | 2.02 [0.23–17.42] ns | 1.59 [0.43–5.86] ns | 0.74 [0.31–1.78] ns | 0.31 [0.12–0.78]* | 2.53 [1.33–4.81]** |
| time bin | The change in odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating during Trial 2 for each unit change in time bin | 1.26 [1.11–1.42]*** | 0.81 [0.77–0.86]*** | 1.65 [1.55–1.75]*** | 2.47 [2.34–2.60]*** | 1.67 [1.54–1.80]*** |
| trial number | The change in odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin for each unit change in trial number | 1.05 [1.00–1.10]* | 0.94 [0.92–0.96]*** | 1.12 [1.10–1.13]*** | 1.09 [1.08–1.11]*** | 0.98 [0.95–1.01] ns |
| language [bilingual] * time bin | The relative change in odds of bilinguals correctly anticipating during Trial 2 with each unit change in time bin | 2.47 [2.05–2.98]*** | 1.93 [1.78–2.09]*** | 1.28 [1.15–1.43]*** | 0.61 [0.56–0.67]*** | 1.09 [0.98–1.22] ns |
| language [bilingual] * trial number | The relative change in odds of bilinguals correctly anticipating during the middle time bin with each unit change in trial number | 1.12 [1.05–1.19]*** | 1.32 [1.28–1.36]*** | 1.14 [1.11–1.17]*** | 1.07 [1.05–1.09]*** | 0.88 [0.85–0.92]*** |
| time bin * trial number | The change in odds of monolinguals correctly anticipating with each unit change in both time bin and trial number together [difference in odds between earlier time bins in earlier trials and later time bins in later trials] | 1.05 [1.02–1.09]*** | 1.12 [1.11–1.14]*** | 0.99 [0.98–1.00]** | 0.95 [0.94–0.95]*** | 1.04 [1.02–1.06]*** |
| [language [bilingual] * time bin] * trial number | The relative change in odds of bilinguals correctly anticipating with each unit change in both time bin and trial number together | 0.95 [0.91–1.00]* | 0.90 [0.89–0.92]*** | 0.99 [0.98–1.01] ns | 1.09 [1.07–1.10]*** | 1.01 [0.98–1.04] ns |
| Random Effects | ||||||
| N | 43id | 53id | 41id | 44id | 41id | |
| Observations | 1383 | 1676 | 1672 | 1846 | 1272 | |
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.108 / 0.807 | 0.095 / 0.666 | 0.139 / 0.451 | 0.161 / 0.510 | 0.202 / 0.393 | |
Note. ns = not significant, p > .05. *p ≤ .05. **p ≤ .01. ***p ≤ .001.