Participant demographic, cannabis, HIV disease characteristics, and other drug use. Data are expressed as either mean (standard deviation) or frequency across all participants or within specific groups. Drug use is the self-reported number of times using each drug in the given timeframe (i.e., past month, lifetime). HIV-1 viral load was assessed via the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay. Group effects were assessed via either an HIV × CB ANOVA or, for categorical variables, via chi-square tests (one comparing HIV+ vs. HIV− groups and one comparing CB+ vs. CB− groups). AA: African American, C: Caucasian, A: Asian, >1: more than one race. ☨Independent sample t test between CB+ groups. δAll group effects in section assessed with independent sample t test between HIV+ groups, or for categorical variables, a chi-square test. ξEstimator of general cognitive impairment: t score < 40 for both: total recall on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R; Benedict et al., 1998; Brandt, 1991) and symbol search scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth edition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2008), or t score < 35 for either test (Carey et al., 2004).
| . | All participants . | HIV+/CB+ . | HIV+/CB− . | HIV−/CB+ . | HIV−/CB− . | Group effects (p) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 93 . | n = 28 . | n = 26 . | n = 22 . | n = 17 . | HIV × CB . | HIV . | CB . | |
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Age | 34.8 (10.3) | 33.3 (7.4) | 37.5 (13.2) | 32.8 (10.1) | 35.8 (9.3) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
| Education (years) | 13.8 (2.3) | 13.8 (2.0) | 13.6 (2.8) | 13.8 (2.7) | 14.4 (1.2) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Male, female | 65, 28 | 26, 2 | 18, 8 | 14, 8 | 7, 10 | – | 0.006 | 0.04 |
| AA, C, >1 | 48, 41, 4 | 14, 14, 0 | 14, 10, 2 | 11, 10, 1 | 9, 7, 1 | – | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 35 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 6 | – | 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Cannabis use | ||||||||
| Age regular use | 19.6 (6.7) | 21.1 (6.5) | – | 18.2 (7.1) | – | – | 0.1☨ | – |
| Years regular use | 14.8 (11.5) | 12.1 (8.9) | – | 15.5 (12.1) | – | – | 0.3☨ | – |
| Past month (times) | 12.8 (14.0) | 23.4 (9.8) | 0 | 24.4 (10.1) | 0 | 0.5☨ | ||
| Lifetime (times) | 2,141 (3,112) | 3,556 (2,969) | 282 (1,024) | 4,182 (3,852) | 7.8 (23) | 0.4 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
| HIV disease characteristicsδ | ||||||||
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 9.3 (8.9) | 7.8 (6.9) | 10.8 (10.6) | – | – | – | – | 0.2 |
| n with undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL) | 35 | 17 | 18 | – | – | – | – | 0.5 |
| n with AIDS diagnosis | 6 | 4 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 0.7 |
| Viral load (copies of HIV RNA/mL) | 14,691.9 (57,211.4) | 18,254.8 (69,658.7) | 10,854.9 (40,853.7) | – | – | – | – | 0.6 |
| n with mild to moderate cognitive impairmentξ | 11 | 5 | 6 | – | – | – | – | 0.6 |
| Immune functionδ | ||||||||
| CD4+ T-cell count (cells/uL) | 659.2 (305.9) | 672.1 (282.3) | 645.4 (334.6) | – | – | – | – | 0.8 |
| CD8+ T-cell count (cells/uL) | 1,064.9 (562.4) | 993.2 (445.9) | 1,142.2 (666.2) | – | – | – | – | 0.3 |
| CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio | 0.755 (0.1) | 0.774 (0.1) | 0.736 (0.1) | – | – | – | – | 0.8 |
| Total T-lymphocytes (cells/uL) | 1,786.1 (676.9) | 1,728.9 (546.5) | 1,847.7 (800.7) | – | – | – | – | 0.5 |
| Total white blood cells (thousand cells/uL) | 6,533.3 (2,002.0) | 6,167.9 (1,962.1) | 6,926.9 (2,007.1) | – | – | – | – | 0.2 |
| Other drug use (past month, times) | ||||||||
| Alcohol | 2.2 (3.3) | 2.2 (2.7) | 2.2 (4.2) | 2.9 (3.2) | 1.4 (2.9) | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
| Cocaine | 0.02 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Nicotine | 4.3 (10.2) | 7.2 (12.7) | 1.5 (6.0) | 7.2 (12.8) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.002 |
| Current cigarette smoker (count) | 16 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | – | 0.9 | 0.08 |
| . | All participants . | HIV+/CB+ . | HIV+/CB− . | HIV−/CB+ . | HIV−/CB− . | Group effects (p) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 93 . | n = 28 . | n = 26 . | n = 22 . | n = 17 . | HIV × CB . | HIV . | CB . | |
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Age | 34.8 (10.3) | 33.3 (7.4) | 37.5 (13.2) | 32.8 (10.1) | 35.8 (9.3) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
| Education (years) | 13.8 (2.3) | 13.8 (2.0) | 13.6 (2.8) | 13.8 (2.7) | 14.4 (1.2) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Male, female | 65, 28 | 26, 2 | 18, 8 | 14, 8 | 7, 10 | – | 0.006 | 0.04 |
| AA, C, >1 | 48, 41, 4 | 14, 14, 0 | 14, 10, 2 | 11, 10, 1 | 9, 7, 1 | – | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 35 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 6 | – | 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Cannabis use | ||||||||
| Age regular use | 19.6 (6.7) | 21.1 (6.5) | – | 18.2 (7.1) | – | – | 0.1☨ | – |
| Years regular use | 14.8 (11.5) | 12.1 (8.9) | – | 15.5 (12.1) | – | – | 0.3☨ | – |
| Past month (times) | 12.8 (14.0) | 23.4 (9.8) | 0 | 24.4 (10.1) | 0 | 0.5☨ | ||
| Lifetime (times) | 2,141 (3,112) | 3,556 (2,969) | 282 (1,024) | 4,182 (3,852) | 7.8 (23) | 0.4 | 0.7 | <0.001 |
| HIV disease characteristicsδ | ||||||||
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 9.3 (8.9) | 7.8 (6.9) | 10.8 (10.6) | – | – | – | – | 0.2 |
| n with undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL) | 35 | 17 | 18 | – | – | – | – | 0.5 |
| n with AIDS diagnosis | 6 | 4 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 0.7 |
| Viral load (copies of HIV RNA/mL) | 14,691.9 (57,211.4) | 18,254.8 (69,658.7) | 10,854.9 (40,853.7) | – | – | – | – | 0.6 |
| n with mild to moderate cognitive impairmentξ | 11 | 5 | 6 | – | – | – | – | 0.6 |
| Immune functionδ | ||||||||
| CD4+ T-cell count (cells/uL) | 659.2 (305.9) | 672.1 (282.3) | 645.4 (334.6) | – | – | – | – | 0.8 |
| CD8+ T-cell count (cells/uL) | 1,064.9 (562.4) | 993.2 (445.9) | 1,142.2 (666.2) | – | – | – | – | 0.3 |
| CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio | 0.755 (0.1) | 0.774 (0.1) | 0.736 (0.1) | – | – | – | – | 0.8 |
| Total T-lymphocytes (cells/uL) | 1,786.1 (676.9) | 1,728.9 (546.5) | 1,847.7 (800.7) | – | – | – | – | 0.5 |
| Total white blood cells (thousand cells/uL) | 6,533.3 (2,002.0) | 6,167.9 (1,962.1) | 6,926.9 (2,007.1) | – | – | – | – | 0.2 |
| Other drug use (past month, times) | ||||||||
| Alcohol | 2.2 (3.3) | 2.2 (2.7) | 2.2 (4.2) | 2.9 (3.2) | 1.4 (2.9) | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
| Cocaine | 0.02 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Nicotine | 4.3 (10.2) | 7.2 (12.7) | 1.5 (6.0) | 7.2 (12.8) | 0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.002 |
| Current cigarette smoker (count) | 16 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | – | 0.9 | 0.08 |