Mean Demographic and Behavioral Measures (and Standard Errors)
| . | Total Behavioral Sample . | Total fMRI Sample . | Men . | Women . | p . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (n) | 141 | 137 | 49 – Total behavioral; 47 – fMRI Sample | 92 – Total behavioral; 90 fMRI sample | |
| Age (years) | 47.11 (1.41) | 47.26 (1.44) | 46.96 (2.44) | 47.20 (1.73) | |
| Educations (years) | 15.73 (0.18) | 15.72 (0.18) | 16.06 (0.27) | 15.55 (0.23) | ns |
| Predicted full-scale IQ | 119.51 (0.44) | 119.60 (0.44) | 119.66 (0.73) | 119.43 (0.56) | ns |
| BDI | 3.90 (0.32)a | 3.96 (0.32)a | 3.84 (0.53) | 3.93 (0.40)a | ns |
| CVLT-LFR | 13.17 (0.18) | 13.19 (0.19) | 12.35 (0.36) | 13.61 (0.19) | p < .05b,d |
| CVLT-LCR | 13.43 (0.17) | 13.46 (0.17) | 12.76 (0.30) | 13.78 (0.20) | p < .05b,d |
| CVLT-RG | 15.33 (0.69) | 15.36 (0.68) | 15.29 (0.11) | 15.36 (0.09) | ns |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.26 (0.31)a | 24.25 (0.31)a | 24.49 (0.39) | 24.14 (0.43)a | p < .001c |
| SE retrieval accuracy (% correct) | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.85 (0.01) | 0.86 (0.01) | p < .001d |
| SH retrieval accuracy (% correct) | 0.83 (0.01) | 0.83 (0.01) | 0.80 (0.02) | 0.84 (0.01) | p < .001d |
| SE retrieval RT (msec) | 2474.95 (47.27) | 2488.80 (47.43) | 2417.32 (72.44) | 2505.31 (61.36) | p < .001d |
| SH retrieval RT (msec) | 2570.99 (43.85) | 2582.56 (43.94) | 2550.29 (72.25) | 2582.92 (55.35) | p < .001d |
| . | Total Behavioral Sample . | Total fMRI Sample . | Men . | Women . | p . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (n) | 141 | 137 | 49 – Total behavioral; 47 – fMRI Sample | 92 – Total behavioral; 90 fMRI sample | |
| Age (years) | 47.11 (1.41) | 47.26 (1.44) | 46.96 (2.44) | 47.20 (1.73) | |
| Educations (years) | 15.73 (0.18) | 15.72 (0.18) | 16.06 (0.27) | 15.55 (0.23) | ns |
| Predicted full-scale IQ | 119.51 (0.44) | 119.60 (0.44) | 119.66 (0.73) | 119.43 (0.56) | ns |
| BDI | 3.90 (0.32)a | 3.96 (0.32)a | 3.84 (0.53) | 3.93 (0.40)a | ns |
| CVLT-LFR | 13.17 (0.18) | 13.19 (0.19) | 12.35 (0.36) | 13.61 (0.19) | p < .05b,d |
| CVLT-LCR | 13.43 (0.17) | 13.46 (0.17) | 12.76 (0.30) | 13.78 (0.20) | p < .05b,d |
| CVLT-RG | 15.33 (0.69) | 15.36 (0.68) | 15.29 (0.11) | 15.36 (0.09) | ns |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.26 (0.31)a | 24.25 (0.31)a | 24.49 (0.39) | 24.14 (0.43)a | p < .001c |
| SE retrieval accuracy (% correct) | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.85 (0.01) | 0.86 (0.01) | p < .001d |
| SH retrieval accuracy (% correct) | 0.83 (0.01) | 0.83 (0.01) | 0.80 (0.02) | 0.84 (0.01) | p < .001d |
| SE retrieval RT (msec) | 2474.95 (47.27) | 2488.80 (47.43) | 2417.32 (72.44) | 2505.31 (61.36) | p < .001d |
| SH retrieval RT (msec) | 2570.99 (43.85) | 2582.56 (43.94) | 2550.29 (72.25) | 2582.92 (55.35) | p < .001d |
The breakdown of demographics between sexes relates to the full behavioral sample (n = 141). BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; LFR = long-form free recall; LCR = long-form cued recall; ns = not significant; RG = recognition; BMI = body mass index; SE = Spatial Easy, SH = Spatial Hard.
One participant had missing information. Values in brackets represent the standard error. A linear regression of Age × Sex was performed on each of the measures (significance of p < .05 used) on the total sample (n = 141).
The linear regression produced a significant effect of sex, such that women outperformed men on this score.
Age × Sex interaction of BMI: Age-related increase in BMI; younger and middle-aged adult men had higher BMI than their female counterparts; and older men had higher BMI than older women.
The linear regression produced a significant main effect of Age. The fMRI behavioral measures revealed that older adult participants performed significantly worse than younger and middle-aged participants and with significantly greater RT to complete the spatial tasks.