MIT Press

Table 1.

Data set of analysis

Discipline	No. of SCs	Italy				Norway
Discipline	No. of SCs	Total professors	Assistant (%)	Associate (%)	Full (%)	Total professors	Assistant (%)	Associate (%)	Full (%)
Mathematics	6	2,122	22.8	40.4	36.8	183	2.2	29.0	68.9
Physics	16	2,918	23.8	43.3	32.9	256	9.8	21.5	68.8
Chemistry	7	1,896	28.1	43.8	28.2	122	14.8	29.5	55.7
Earth and space sciences	11	1,873	29.6	41.6	28.8	413	14.8	29.1	56.2
Biology	28	5,635	34.9	37.6	27.5	736	20.7	28.0	51.4
Biomedical research	14	3,707	37.8	36.3	25.9	245	19.2	30.2	50.6
Clinical medicine	36	7,571	35.8	36.0	28.2	958	10.5	31.3	58.1
Psychology	6	475	31.2	39.8	29.1	148	2.7	42.6	54.7
Engineering	34	5,522	26.5	40.3	33.2	426	5.2	27.2	67.6
Political and social sciences	11	442	20.6	41.6	37.8	438	6.2	33.1	60.7
Economics	8	1,848	19.0	40.4	40.6	402	3.0	33.1	63.9
Total	177	34,009	30.6	39.0	30.4	4327	10.9	30.1	59.0

Discipline	No. of SCs	Italy				Norway
Discipline	No. of SCs	Total professors	Assistant (%)	Associate (%)	Full (%)	Total professors	Assistant (%)	Associate (%)	Full (%)
Mathematics	6	2,122	22.8	40.4	36.8	183	2.2	29.0	68.9
Physics	16	2,918	23.8	43.3	32.9	256	9.8	21.5	68.8
Chemistry	7	1,896	28.1	43.8	28.2	122	14.8	29.5	55.7
Earth and space sciences	11	1,873	29.6	41.6	28.8	413	14.8	29.1	56.2
Biology	28	5,635	34.9	37.6	27.5	736	20.7	28.0	51.4
Biomedical research	14	3,707	37.8	36.3	25.9	245	19.2	30.2	50.6
Clinical medicine	36	7,571	35.8	36.0	28.2	958	10.5	31.3	58.1
Psychology	6	475	31.2	39.8	29.1	148	2.7	42.6	54.7
Engineering	34	5,522	26.5	40.3	33.2	426	5.2	27.2	67.6
Political and social sciences	11	442	20.6	41.6	37.8	438	6.2	33.1	60.7
Economics	8	1,848	19.0	40.4	40.6	402	3.0	33.1	63.9
Total	177	34,009	30.6	39.0	30.4	4327	10.9	30.1	59.0