Number and proportion of fields (SCs) per discipline where 2011–2015 normalized average research output and fractional output per euro spent (O, FO) and productivity (FSS) of Norway is higher than Italy.
| Discipline . | No. of SCs . | No. of SCs where Norway outperforms Italy . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O . | FO . | FSS . | ||
| Mathematics | 6 | 4 (67%) | 4 (67%) | 3 (50%) |
| Physics | 16 | 7 (44%) | 10 (63%) | 8 (50%) |
| Chemistry | 7 | 2 (29%) | 5 (71%) | 3 (43%) |
| Earth and space sciences | 11 | 4 (36%) | 4 (36%) | 8 (73%) |
| Biology | 28 | 2 (7%) | 7 (25%) | 7 (25%) |
| Biomedical research | 14 | 2 (14%) | 4 (29%) | 5 (36%) |
| Clinical medicine | 36 | 7 (19%) | 11 (31%) | 17 (47%) |
| Psychology | 6 | 0 (0%) | 1 (17%) | 2 (33%) |
| Engineering | 34 | 9 (26%) | 13 (38%) | 11 (32%) |
| Political and social sciences | 11 | 4 (36%) | 4 (36%) | 5 (45%) |
| Economics | 8 | 2 (25%) | 4 (50%) | 2 (25%) |
| Overall | 177 | 43 (24%) | 67 (38%) | 71 (40%) |
| Discipline . | No. of SCs . | No. of SCs where Norway outperforms Italy . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O . | FO . | FSS . | ||
| Mathematics | 6 | 4 (67%) | 4 (67%) | 3 (50%) |
| Physics | 16 | 7 (44%) | 10 (63%) | 8 (50%) |
| Chemistry | 7 | 2 (29%) | 5 (71%) | 3 (43%) |
| Earth and space sciences | 11 | 4 (36%) | 4 (36%) | 8 (73%) |
| Biology | 28 | 2 (7%) | 7 (25%) | 7 (25%) |
| Biomedical research | 14 | 2 (14%) | 4 (29%) | 5 (36%) |
| Clinical medicine | 36 | 7 (19%) | 11 (31%) | 17 (47%) |
| Psychology | 6 | 0 (0%) | 1 (17%) | 2 (33%) |
| Engineering | 34 | 9 (26%) | 13 (38%) | 11 (32%) |
| Political and social sciences | 11 | 4 (36%) | 4 (36%) | 5 (45%) |
| Economics | 8 | 2 (25%) | 4 (50%) | 2 (25%) |
| Overall | 177 | 43 (24%) | 67 (38%) | 71 (40%) |