Comparison of formulations of items between Scherer and Wallbott (1997) (SW), Smith and Ellsworth (1985) (SE), and our study.
| Dim. . | SW/SE . | crowd-enVent . |
|---|---|---|
| Relevance Detection: Novelty Check . | ||
| Suddenness | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the event happened very suddenly and abruptly? | The event was sudden or abrupt. |
| Familiarity | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that you were familiar with this type of event? | The event was familiar. |
| Event predictability | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that you could have predicted the occurrence of the event? | I could have predicted the occurrence of the event. |
| Attention, Attention removal | SE: Think about what was causing you to feel happy in this situation. When you were feeling happy, to what extent did you try to devote your attention to this thing, or divert your attention from it? | I paid attention to the situation. I tried to shut the situation out of my mind. |
| Relevance Detection: Intrinsic Pleasantness | ||
| Unpleasantness, Pleasantness | SW: How would you evaluate this type of event in general, independent of your specific needs and desires in the situation you reported above? Pleasantness Unpleasentness | The event was pleasant for me. The event was unpleasant for me. |
| Relevance Detection: Goal Relevance | ||
| Relevance | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the event would have very important consequences for you? | I expected the event to have important consequences for me. |
| Implication Assessment: Causality: agent | ||
| Own, Others’, Situational responsibility | SW: At the time of the event, to what extent did you think that one or more of the following factors caused the event? Your own behavior. The behavior of one or more other person(s). Chance, special circumstances, or natural forces. | The event was caused by my own behavior. The event was caused by somebody else’s behavior. The event was caused by chance, special circumstances, or natural forces. |
| Implication Assessment: Goal Conduciveness | ||
| Goal support | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that real or potential consequences of the event... ... did or would bring about positive, desirable outcomes for you (e.g., helping you to reach a goal, giving pleasure, or terminating an unpleasant situation)? ...did or would bring about negative, undesirable outcomes for you (e.g., preventing you from reaching a goal or satisfying a need, resulting in bodily harm, or producing unpleasant feelings)? | At that time I felt that the event had positive consequences for me. |
| Implication Assessment: Outcome Probability | ||
| Consequence anticipation | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the real or potential consequences of the event had already been felt by you or were completely predictable? | At that time I anticipated the consequences of the event. |
| Implication Assessment: Urgency | ||
| Response urgency | SW: After you had a good idea of what the probable consequences of the event would be, did you think that it was urgent to act immediately? | The event required an immediate response. |
| Coping Potential: Control | ||
| Own, Others’, Chance control | SE: When you were feeling happy, to what extent did you feel that you had the ability to influence what was happening in this situation? Someone other than yourself was controlling what was happening in this situation? Circumstances beyond anyone’s control were controlling what was happening in this situation? | I had the capacity to affect what was going on during the event. Someone or something other than me was influencing what was going on during the situation. The situation was the result of outside influences of which nobody had control. |
| Coping Potential: Adjustment Check | ||
| Anticipated acceptance | SW: After you had a good idea of what the probable consequences of the event would be, did you think that you could live with, and adjust to, the consequences of the event that could not be avoided or modified? | I anticipated that I could live with the unavoidable consequences of the event. |
| Effort | SE: When you were feeling happy, how much effort (mental or physical) did you feel this situation required you to expend? | The situation required me to expend a great deal of energy to deal with it. |
| Normative Significance: Control | ||
| Internal standards compatibility | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the actions that produced the event were morally and ethically acceptable? | The event clashed with my standards and ideals. |
| External norms compatibility | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the actions that produced the event violated laws or social norms? | The event violated laws or socially accepted norms. |
| Dim. . | SW/SE . | crowd-enVent . |
|---|---|---|
| Relevance Detection: Novelty Check . | ||
| Suddenness | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the event happened very suddenly and abruptly? | The event was sudden or abrupt. |
| Familiarity | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that you were familiar with this type of event? | The event was familiar. |
| Event predictability | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that you could have predicted the occurrence of the event? | I could have predicted the occurrence of the event. |
| Attention, Attention removal | SE: Think about what was causing you to feel happy in this situation. When you were feeling happy, to what extent did you try to devote your attention to this thing, or divert your attention from it? | I paid attention to the situation. I tried to shut the situation out of my mind. |
| Relevance Detection: Intrinsic Pleasantness | ||
| Unpleasantness, Pleasantness | SW: How would you evaluate this type of event in general, independent of your specific needs and desires in the situation you reported above? Pleasantness Unpleasentness | The event was pleasant for me. The event was unpleasant for me. |
| Relevance Detection: Goal Relevance | ||
| Relevance | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the event would have very important consequences for you? | I expected the event to have important consequences for me. |
| Implication Assessment: Causality: agent | ||
| Own, Others’, Situational responsibility | SW: At the time of the event, to what extent did you think that one or more of the following factors caused the event? Your own behavior. The behavior of one or more other person(s). Chance, special circumstances, or natural forces. | The event was caused by my own behavior. The event was caused by somebody else’s behavior. The event was caused by chance, special circumstances, or natural forces. |
| Implication Assessment: Goal Conduciveness | ||
| Goal support | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that real or potential consequences of the event... ... did or would bring about positive, desirable outcomes for you (e.g., helping you to reach a goal, giving pleasure, or terminating an unpleasant situation)? ...did or would bring about negative, undesirable outcomes for you (e.g., preventing you from reaching a goal or satisfying a need, resulting in bodily harm, or producing unpleasant feelings)? | At that time I felt that the event had positive consequences for me. |
| Implication Assessment: Outcome Probability | ||
| Consequence anticipation | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the real or potential consequences of the event had already been felt by you or were completely predictable? | At that time I anticipated the consequences of the event. |
| Implication Assessment: Urgency | ||
| Response urgency | SW: After you had a good idea of what the probable consequences of the event would be, did you think that it was urgent to act immediately? | The event required an immediate response. |
| Coping Potential: Control | ||
| Own, Others’, Chance control | SE: When you were feeling happy, to what extent did you feel that you had the ability to influence what was happening in this situation? Someone other than yourself was controlling what was happening in this situation? Circumstances beyond anyone’s control were controlling what was happening in this situation? | I had the capacity to affect what was going on during the event. Someone or something other than me was influencing what was going on during the situation. The situation was the result of outside influences of which nobody had control. |
| Coping Potential: Adjustment Check | ||
| Anticipated acceptance | SW: After you had a good idea of what the probable consequences of the event would be, did you think that you could live with, and adjust to, the consequences of the event that could not be avoided or modified? | I anticipated that I could live with the unavoidable consequences of the event. |
| Effort | SE: When you were feeling happy, how much effort (mental or physical) did you feel this situation required you to expend? | The situation required me to expend a great deal of energy to deal with it. |
| Normative Significance: Control | ||
| Internal standards compatibility | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the actions that produced the event were morally and ethically acceptable? | The event clashed with my standards and ideals. |
| External norms compatibility | SW: At the time of experiencing the emotion, did you think that the actions that produced the event violated laws or social norms? | The event violated laws or socially accepted norms. |