Template of the Questionnaire. The first column specifies where the question has been asked. Gn: Generation (GE: prompted by an emotion E, GN: prompted by the label “no emotion”) with text production strategy n (cf. Section A2.), V: Validation. No specification means that it has been asked in all variants. For the list of [OFF-LIMITS] topics in n = 2, refer to Table 2.
| . | Question/Text . | Value . |
|---|---|---|
| Gx | Study on Emotional Events. Dear participant, Thanks for your interest in this study. We aim at understanding your evaluation of events in which you either felt a particular emotion or did not feel any. Further, we will ask you some demographic and personality-related information. The study should take you 4 minutes, and you will be rewarded with £ 0.50. Your participation is voluntary. You have to be at least 18 years old and a native speaker of English. Feel free to quit at any time without giving a reason (note that you won’t be paid in this case). You can take this survey multiple times. You are also welcome to participate to the other versions of the survey that we published on Prolific, in which we ask you for your experience with different emotions. Note that towards the end of this survey, you will find a small set of questions that you only need to answer the first time you participate (which will save you time if you’ll work on the other survey variants). The data we collect via Google forms will be used for research purposes. It will be made publicly available in an anonymised form. We will further write a scientific paper publication about this study which can include examples from the collected data (also in anonymous form). Nevertheless, please avoid providing information that could identify you (such as names, contact details, etc.). This study is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Project Number KL 2869/1-2). Principle Investigator of this study: Dr. Roman Klinger, University of Stuttgart (Germany). Responsible and contact person: Enrica Troiano, University of Stuttgart (Germany). For any information, contact us at enrica.troiano@ims.uni-stuttgart.de | — |
| V | Study on Emotional Events. Dear participant, Thanks for your interest in this study. In a previous survey, people described events that might have triggered a particular emotion in them, and they answered some questions about those events. We now ask you to evaluate such events. You will read 5 brief event descriptions. For each of them, you will be asked the same questions that were answered by the event experiencers in the previous survey. Your task is to answer the same way as they did. Participants who are able to answer most similarly to the original authors will get a bonus of £ 5. We reward this bonus to the best 5% of participants. We will also ask you some demographic and personality-related information. There, your task is to provide information about yourself, and not about the author of the texts. The study should take you 8 minutes, and you will be rewarded with £ 1. Your participation is voluntary. You have to be at least 18 years old and a native speaker of English. Feel free to quit at any time without giving a reason (note that you won’t be paid in this case). The data we collect will be used for research purposes. It will be made publicly available in an anonymised form. We will further write a scientific paper publication about this study which can include examples from the collected data (also in anonymous form). This study is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Project Number KL 2869/1-2). Principle Investigator of this study: Dr. Roman Klinger, University of Stuttgart (Germany). Responsible and contact person: Enrica Troiano, University of Stuttgart (Germany). For any information, contact us at enrica.troiano@ims.uni-stuttgart.de | — |
| I confirm that I have read the above information, meet the prerequisites for participation and want to participate in the study. | Yes/No | |
| Preliminary Questions. | ||
| Please insert your ID as a worker on Prolific. | Text | |
| Do you feel any of the following emotions right now, just before starting this survey? 1 means “not at all,” 5 means “very intensely” [anger; boredom; disgust; fear; guilt; joy; pride; relief; sadness; shame; surprise; trust] | Matrix with items [1–5] | |
| GEx | This study is about the emotional experience ofE. You will be asked to describe a concrete situation or an event which provoked this feeling in you and for which you vividly remember both the circumstance and your reaction. After that, you will be asked further information regarding such emotional experience, by indicating how much you agree with some statements on a scale from 1 to 5. Note: If you participated in our studies before, please describe a different situation now. We cannot accept an answer related to the same event you already told us about, even if you used different words. Further, we will not accept answers if they are not descriptions of events, like “I can’t remember” or “I do not have that feeling”. | — |
| GNx | This study is about an experience you had, which did not involve you emotionally. You will be asked to describe a concrete situation or an event which did not provoke any particular feeling in you and for which you vividly remember both the circumstance and your reaction. After that, you will be asked further information regarding such experience, by indicating how much you agree with some statements on a scale from 1 to 5. Note: If you participated in our studies before, please describe a different situation now. We cannot accept an answer related to the same event you already told us about, even if you used different words. Further, we will not accept answers if they are not descriptions of events, like “I can’t remember” or “I always have feelings”. | — |
| V | Put yourself in the shoes of other people. You will read five texts. These texts describe events that occurred in the life of their authors. Don’t be surprised if they are not perfectly grammatical, or if you find that some words are missing. For each event, you will assess if it provoked an emotion in the experiencer, and if so, what emotion that was. Moreover, you will be asked how you think the experiencer assessed the event: you will read some statements and indicate how much you agree with each of them on a scale from 1 to 5. The writers of these texts have answered these questions in a previous survey. Your goal now is to guess the answer given by the writers as closely as possible. | — |
| GEx | Recall an event that made you feel E. Recall an event that made you feel E in the past. | — |
| GNx | Recall an event that did not make you feel any emotion in the past. | — |
| It could be an event of your choice, or one which you might have experienced in one of the following areas: health, career, finances, community, fun/leisure, sports, arts, personal relationships, travel, education, shopping, learning, food, nature, hobbies, work... Please describe the event by completing the sentence below, including event details or write multiple sentences if this helps to understand the situation. | — | |
| G1 | The event should be special to you, or one which you think the other participants of this survey are unlikely to have experienced. It does not need to be an extraordinary event: it should just tell something about yourself. | — |
| G2 | NOTE: We already collected many answers related to [OFF-LIMITS]. Please recount an event which does not relate to any of these: we need events which are as diverse as possible! | — |
| GEx | Please complete the sentence: I felt E when/because/... | Text |
| GNx | Please complete the sentence: I felt NO PARTICULAR EMOTION when/because/... | Text |
| V | What do you think the writer of the text felt when experiencing this event? [anger; boredom; disgust; fear; guilt; joy; pride; relief; sadness; shame; surprise; trust; no emotion] | single choice |
| V | How confident are you about your answer? | 1…5 |
| Gx | How long did the event last? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks] | single choice |
| V | How long do you think the event lasted? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks] | single choice |
| GEx | How long did the emotion last? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks] | single choice |
| GNx | How long did the emotion last (if you had any)? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks; I had none] | single choice |
| V | How long do you think the emotion lasted (if the experiencer had any)? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks; this event did not cause any emotion] | single choice |
| Gx | How intense was your experience of the event? | 1…5 |
| V | How intense do you think the emotion was? | 1…5 |
| Gx | How confident are you that you recall the event well? | 1…5 |
| Gx | Evaluation of that experience. Think back to when the event happened and recall its details. Take some time to remember it properly. How much do these statements apply? (1 means “Not at all” and 5 means “Extremely”) | — |
| V | Evaluation of that Experience. Put yourself in the shoes of the writer at the time when the event happened, and try to reconstruct how that event was perceived. How much do these statements apply? (1 means “I don’t agree at all” and 5 means “I completely agree”) | |
| The event was sudden or abrupt. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | The event was familiar. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was familiar to its experiencer. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I could have predicted the occurrence of the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer could have predicted the occurrence of the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The event was pleasant for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was pleasant for the experiencer. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The event was unpleasant for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was unpleasant for the experiencer. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I expected the event to have important consequences for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer expected the event to have important consequences for him/herself. | 1…5 |
| The event was caused by chance, special circumstances, or natural forces. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | The event was caused by my own behavior. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was caused by the experiencer’s own behavior. | 1…5 |
| The event was caused by somebody else’s behavior. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I anticipated the consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer anticipated the consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I expected positive consequences for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer expected positive consequences for her/himself. | 1…5 |
| The event required an immediate response. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I was able to influence what was going on during the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer was able to influence what was going on during the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | Someone other than me was influencing what was going on. | 1…5 |
| V | Someone other than the experiencer was influencing what was going on. | 1…5 |
| The situation was the result of outside influences of which nobody had control. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I anticipated that I would easily live with the unavoidable consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer anticipated that he/she could live with the unavoidable consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The event clashed with my standards and ideals. | 1…5 |
| V | The event clashed with her/his standards and ideals. | 1…5 |
| The actions that produced the event violated laws or socially accepted norms. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I had to pay attention to the situation. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer had to pay attention to the situation. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I tried to shut the situation out of my mind. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer wanted to shut the situation out of her/his mind. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The situation required me a great deal of energy to deal with it. | 1…5 |
| V | The situation required her/him a great deal of energy to deal with it. | 1…5 |
| V | Have you ever experienced an event similar to the one described? | |
| I experienced a similar event before. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | Is this the first time you participate in one of our emotional-event recollection studies? We would like to know a bit more about you now. We have multiple similar studies on Prolific, all called “Recollection of an emotion-inducing experience,” with the word “emotion” being replaced by an actual emotion name. When you participate in more than one of these studies, you only need to answer the following questions once. If this is the first time you participate, please | |
| answer them (otherwise we won’t be able to approve your contribution), later you will skip this step. [Yes, first time, I will answer the following questions.; No, I participated before and answered the next set of questions.] | single choice | |
| V | Is this the first time you participate in our event evaluation studies? If yes, you need to answer the following questions (otherwise we won’t be able to approve your contribution). If no, you can skip them. [Yes, first time, I will answer the following questions.; No, I participated before and answered the next set of questions.] | single choice |
| Gx | Demographic and Personality-related Questions. As a last step, we ask you to answer some questions about yourself. Note: if you take one of our studies in the future, you won’t fill in these sections again; if this is your first time and don’t provide such information, we won’t be able to reward you. | — |
| How old are you? | {} | |
| With which gender do you identify? [Female; Male; Gender Variant/ Non-Conforming; Prefer not to answer] | single choice | |
| What is the highest level of education you completed? [No formal qualifications; Secondary education; High school; Undegraduate degree (BA/BSc/other); Graduate degree (MA/MSc/MPhil/other); Doctorate degree (PhD/other); Don’t know/ not applicable] | single choice | |
| With which of the following ethnic groups do you identify the most? [Australian/New Zealander; North Asian; South Asian; East Asian; Middle Eastern; European; African; North American; South American; Hispanic/Latino; Indigenous; Prefer not to answer; Other...] | single choice | |
| Here are a number of personality traits that may or may not apply to you. You should rate the extent to which the pair of traits applies to you, even if one characteristic applies more strongly than the other. [Extraverted, enthusiastic; Critical, quarrelsome; Dependable, self-disciplined; Anxious, easily upset; Open to new experiences, complex; Reserved, quiet; Sympathetic, warm; Disorganized, careless; Calm, emotionally stable; Conventional, uncreative] | Matrix with items [1…7] | |
| Gx | One Last Question. Please be assured that your answer will in no way influence how we treat your submission (you will be rewarded, if you properly followed our instructions). Did you actually experience that event or did you make it up to? [The event really happened in my life.; I never experienced that event, but I really imagined how it would make me feel.] | single choice |
| . | Question/Text . | Value . |
|---|---|---|
| Gx | Study on Emotional Events. Dear participant, Thanks for your interest in this study. We aim at understanding your evaluation of events in which you either felt a particular emotion or did not feel any. Further, we will ask you some demographic and personality-related information. The study should take you 4 minutes, and you will be rewarded with £ 0.50. Your participation is voluntary. You have to be at least 18 years old and a native speaker of English. Feel free to quit at any time without giving a reason (note that you won’t be paid in this case). You can take this survey multiple times. You are also welcome to participate to the other versions of the survey that we published on Prolific, in which we ask you for your experience with different emotions. Note that towards the end of this survey, you will find a small set of questions that you only need to answer the first time you participate (which will save you time if you’ll work on the other survey variants). The data we collect via Google forms will be used for research purposes. It will be made publicly available in an anonymised form. We will further write a scientific paper publication about this study which can include examples from the collected data (also in anonymous form). Nevertheless, please avoid providing information that could identify you (such as names, contact details, etc.). This study is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Project Number KL 2869/1-2). Principle Investigator of this study: Dr. Roman Klinger, University of Stuttgart (Germany). Responsible and contact person: Enrica Troiano, University of Stuttgart (Germany). For any information, contact us at enrica.troiano@ims.uni-stuttgart.de | — |
| V | Study on Emotional Events. Dear participant, Thanks for your interest in this study. In a previous survey, people described events that might have triggered a particular emotion in them, and they answered some questions about those events. We now ask you to evaluate such events. You will read 5 brief event descriptions. For each of them, you will be asked the same questions that were answered by the event experiencers in the previous survey. Your task is to answer the same way as they did. Participants who are able to answer most similarly to the original authors will get a bonus of £ 5. We reward this bonus to the best 5% of participants. We will also ask you some demographic and personality-related information. There, your task is to provide information about yourself, and not about the author of the texts. The study should take you 8 minutes, and you will be rewarded with £ 1. Your participation is voluntary. You have to be at least 18 years old and a native speaker of English. Feel free to quit at any time without giving a reason (note that you won’t be paid in this case). The data we collect will be used for research purposes. It will be made publicly available in an anonymised form. We will further write a scientific paper publication about this study which can include examples from the collected data (also in anonymous form). This study is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Project Number KL 2869/1-2). Principle Investigator of this study: Dr. Roman Klinger, University of Stuttgart (Germany). Responsible and contact person: Enrica Troiano, University of Stuttgart (Germany). For any information, contact us at enrica.troiano@ims.uni-stuttgart.de | — |
| I confirm that I have read the above information, meet the prerequisites for participation and want to participate in the study. | Yes/No | |
| Preliminary Questions. | ||
| Please insert your ID as a worker on Prolific. | Text | |
| Do you feel any of the following emotions right now, just before starting this survey? 1 means “not at all,” 5 means “very intensely” [anger; boredom; disgust; fear; guilt; joy; pride; relief; sadness; shame; surprise; trust] | Matrix with items [1–5] | |
| GEx | This study is about the emotional experience ofE. You will be asked to describe a concrete situation or an event which provoked this feeling in you and for which you vividly remember both the circumstance and your reaction. After that, you will be asked further information regarding such emotional experience, by indicating how much you agree with some statements on a scale from 1 to 5. Note: If you participated in our studies before, please describe a different situation now. We cannot accept an answer related to the same event you already told us about, even if you used different words. Further, we will not accept answers if they are not descriptions of events, like “I can’t remember” or “I do not have that feeling”. | — |
| GNx | This study is about an experience you had, which did not involve you emotionally. You will be asked to describe a concrete situation or an event which did not provoke any particular feeling in you and for which you vividly remember both the circumstance and your reaction. After that, you will be asked further information regarding such experience, by indicating how much you agree with some statements on a scale from 1 to 5. Note: If you participated in our studies before, please describe a different situation now. We cannot accept an answer related to the same event you already told us about, even if you used different words. Further, we will not accept answers if they are not descriptions of events, like “I can’t remember” or “I always have feelings”. | — |
| V | Put yourself in the shoes of other people. You will read five texts. These texts describe events that occurred in the life of their authors. Don’t be surprised if they are not perfectly grammatical, or if you find that some words are missing. For each event, you will assess if it provoked an emotion in the experiencer, and if so, what emotion that was. Moreover, you will be asked how you think the experiencer assessed the event: you will read some statements and indicate how much you agree with each of them on a scale from 1 to 5. The writers of these texts have answered these questions in a previous survey. Your goal now is to guess the answer given by the writers as closely as possible. | — |
| GEx | Recall an event that made you feel E. Recall an event that made you feel E in the past. | — |
| GNx | Recall an event that did not make you feel any emotion in the past. | — |
| It could be an event of your choice, or one which you might have experienced in one of the following areas: health, career, finances, community, fun/leisure, sports, arts, personal relationships, travel, education, shopping, learning, food, nature, hobbies, work... Please describe the event by completing the sentence below, including event details or write multiple sentences if this helps to understand the situation. | — | |
| G1 | The event should be special to you, or one which you think the other participants of this survey are unlikely to have experienced. It does not need to be an extraordinary event: it should just tell something about yourself. | — |
| G2 | NOTE: We already collected many answers related to [OFF-LIMITS]. Please recount an event which does not relate to any of these: we need events which are as diverse as possible! | — |
| GEx | Please complete the sentence: I felt E when/because/... | Text |
| GNx | Please complete the sentence: I felt NO PARTICULAR EMOTION when/because/... | Text |
| V | What do you think the writer of the text felt when experiencing this event? [anger; boredom; disgust; fear; guilt; joy; pride; relief; sadness; shame; surprise; trust; no emotion] | single choice |
| V | How confident are you about your answer? | 1…5 |
| Gx | How long did the event last? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks] | single choice |
| V | How long do you think the event lasted? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks] | single choice |
| GEx | How long did the emotion last? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks] | single choice |
| GNx | How long did the emotion last (if you had any)? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks; I had none] | single choice |
| V | How long do you think the emotion lasted (if the experiencer had any)? [seconds; minutes; hours; days; weeks; this event did not cause any emotion] | single choice |
| Gx | How intense was your experience of the event? | 1…5 |
| V | How intense do you think the emotion was? | 1…5 |
| Gx | How confident are you that you recall the event well? | 1…5 |
| Gx | Evaluation of that experience. Think back to when the event happened and recall its details. Take some time to remember it properly. How much do these statements apply? (1 means “Not at all” and 5 means “Extremely”) | — |
| V | Evaluation of that Experience. Put yourself in the shoes of the writer at the time when the event happened, and try to reconstruct how that event was perceived. How much do these statements apply? (1 means “I don’t agree at all” and 5 means “I completely agree”) | |
| The event was sudden or abrupt. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | The event was familiar. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was familiar to its experiencer. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I could have predicted the occurrence of the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer could have predicted the occurrence of the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The event was pleasant for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was pleasant for the experiencer. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The event was unpleasant for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was unpleasant for the experiencer. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I expected the event to have important consequences for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer expected the event to have important consequences for him/herself. | 1…5 |
| The event was caused by chance, special circumstances, or natural forces. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | The event was caused by my own behavior. | 1…5 |
| V | The event was caused by the experiencer’s own behavior. | 1…5 |
| The event was caused by somebody else’s behavior. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I anticipated the consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer anticipated the consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I expected positive consequences for me. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer expected positive consequences for her/himself. | 1…5 |
| The event required an immediate response. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I was able to influence what was going on during the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer was able to influence what was going on during the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | Someone other than me was influencing what was going on. | 1…5 |
| V | Someone other than the experiencer was influencing what was going on. | 1…5 |
| The situation was the result of outside influences of which nobody had control. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I anticipated that I would easily live with the unavoidable consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer anticipated that he/she could live with the unavoidable consequences of the event. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The event clashed with my standards and ideals. | 1…5 |
| V | The event clashed with her/his standards and ideals. | 1…5 |
| The actions that produced the event violated laws or socially accepted norms. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | I had to pay attention to the situation. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer had to pay attention to the situation. | 1…5 |
| Gx | I tried to shut the situation out of my mind. | 1…5 |
| V | The experiencer wanted to shut the situation out of her/his mind. | 1…5 |
| Gx | The situation required me a great deal of energy to deal with it. | 1…5 |
| V | The situation required her/him a great deal of energy to deal with it. | 1…5 |
| V | Have you ever experienced an event similar to the one described? | |
| I experienced a similar event before. | 1…5 | |
| Gx | Is this the first time you participate in one of our emotional-event recollection studies? We would like to know a bit more about you now. We have multiple similar studies on Prolific, all called “Recollection of an emotion-inducing experience,” with the word “emotion” being replaced by an actual emotion name. When you participate in more than one of these studies, you only need to answer the following questions once. If this is the first time you participate, please | |
| answer them (otherwise we won’t be able to approve your contribution), later you will skip this step. [Yes, first time, I will answer the following questions.; No, I participated before and answered the next set of questions.] | single choice | |
| V | Is this the first time you participate in our event evaluation studies? If yes, you need to answer the following questions (otherwise we won’t be able to approve your contribution). If no, you can skip them. [Yes, first time, I will answer the following questions.; No, I participated before and answered the next set of questions.] | single choice |
| Gx | Demographic and Personality-related Questions. As a last step, we ask you to answer some questions about yourself. Note: if you take one of our studies in the future, you won’t fill in these sections again; if this is your first time and don’t provide such information, we won’t be able to reward you. | — |
| How old are you? | {} | |
| With which gender do you identify? [Female; Male; Gender Variant/ Non-Conforming; Prefer not to answer] | single choice | |
| What is the highest level of education you completed? [No formal qualifications; Secondary education; High school; Undegraduate degree (BA/BSc/other); Graduate degree (MA/MSc/MPhil/other); Doctorate degree (PhD/other); Don’t know/ not applicable] | single choice | |
| With which of the following ethnic groups do you identify the most? [Australian/New Zealander; North Asian; South Asian; East Asian; Middle Eastern; European; African; North American; South American; Hispanic/Latino; Indigenous; Prefer not to answer; Other...] | single choice | |
| Here are a number of personality traits that may or may not apply to you. You should rate the extent to which the pair of traits applies to you, even if one characteristic applies more strongly than the other. [Extraverted, enthusiastic; Critical, quarrelsome; Dependable, self-disciplined; Anxious, easily upset; Open to new experiences, complex; Reserved, quiet; Sympathetic, warm; Disorganized, careless; Calm, emotionally stable; Conventional, uncreative] | Matrix with items [1…7] | |
| Gx | One Last Question. Please be assured that your answer will in no way influence how we treat your submission (you will be rewarded, if you properly followed our instructions). Did you actually experience that event or did you make it up to? [The event really happened in my life.; I never experienced that event, but I really imagined how it would make me feel.] | single choice |