Participant demographics and injury characteristics
| ID . | Agea . | Sex . | TSIb . | Mechanism . | Pathology (at time of study)c . | DAId . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | 35.7 ± 11.4 | M = 4 F = 8 | – | – | No incidental or age-related findings, other than small deep white matter T2 hyperintensities (within normal limits for age). | – |
| TBI1 | 40s | M | 21y | Vehicle accident | Modest encephalomalacia in the (R) precentral gyrus. | 0 |
| TBI2 | 40s | M | 15y | Vehicle accident | Severe encephalomalacia involving both ant. F and inf. F lobes, (R) T lobe and (R) parietotemporal region extending to the (R) post. F lobe. Focal T1 hypointensities in the anteromedial portion of the (L) thalamus. Encephalomalacia and T1 hypointensity on the ant. body and genu of the corpus callosum. | 2 |
| TBI3 | 40s | F | 3y | Fall | Bilateral ant. and inf. F encephalomalacia, (R) greater than (L), and (R) ant. T encephalomalacia. Small deep white matter T2 hyperintensities med. (R) P lobe, likely associated with non-hemorrhagic oedema. Small focal T1 hypointensity in the ant. body of the corpus callosum. | 2 |
| TBI4 | 30s | F | 15y | Fall | Bilateral inf. F and (L) ant. T encephalomalacia. Modest encephalomalacia in the (L) sup. F gyrus. (R) F ventriculostomy with underlying ventricular drain tract. | 0/1 |
| TBI5 | 50s | M | 18y | Vehicle accident | Two small (<2 mm3) deep white matter T2 hyperintensities in the (R) P lobe (within normal limits for age). | 0 |
| TBI6 | 30s | F | 5y | Fall | Small T1 hypointensity in the splenium of corpus callosum. Approx. 6 scattered punctate T2 hyperintensities in both cerebral hemispheres. | 2 |
| ID . | Agea . | Sex . | TSIb . | Mechanism . | Pathology (at time of study)c . | DAId . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | 35.7 ± 11.4 | M = 4 F = 8 | – | – | No incidental or age-related findings, other than small deep white matter T2 hyperintensities (within normal limits for age). | – |
| TBI1 | 40s | M | 21y | Vehicle accident | Modest encephalomalacia in the (R) precentral gyrus. | 0 |
| TBI2 | 40s | M | 15y | Vehicle accident | Severe encephalomalacia involving both ant. F and inf. F lobes, (R) T lobe and (R) parietotemporal region extending to the (R) post. F lobe. Focal T1 hypointensities in the anteromedial portion of the (L) thalamus. Encephalomalacia and T1 hypointensity on the ant. body and genu of the corpus callosum. | 2 |
| TBI3 | 40s | F | 3y | Fall | Bilateral ant. and inf. F encephalomalacia, (R) greater than (L), and (R) ant. T encephalomalacia. Small deep white matter T2 hyperintensities med. (R) P lobe, likely associated with non-hemorrhagic oedema. Small focal T1 hypointensity in the ant. body of the corpus callosum. | 2 |
| TBI4 | 30s | F | 15y | Fall | Bilateral inf. F and (L) ant. T encephalomalacia. Modest encephalomalacia in the (L) sup. F gyrus. (R) F ventriculostomy with underlying ventricular drain tract. | 0/1 |
| TBI5 | 50s | M | 18y | Vehicle accident | Two small (<2 mm3) deep white matter T2 hyperintensities in the (R) P lobe (within normal limits for age). | 0 |
| TBI6 | 30s | F | 5y | Fall | Small T1 hypointensity in the splenium of corpus callosum. Approx. 6 scattered punctate T2 hyperintensities in both cerebral hemispheres. | 2 |
Age: Shown in 10-year age bracket to minimize identifiable information, HC age is in mean ± standard deviation.
TSI: Time since injury.
Abbreviations: (R) = right, (L) = left, ant. = anterior, post. = posterior, inf. = inferior, mid. = middle, med. = medial, sup. = superior, F = frontal, P = parietal, O = occipital, T = temporal.
Grading of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) occurred according to Adams et al. (1982); a grade of 0 indicates no confirmed DAI present; 1 indicates DAI present in white matter of cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, brain stem, cerebellum; 2 indicates there is also a focal lesion in corpus callosum; and 3 identifies an additional lesion in dorsolateral quadrants of brain stem.